Researching Literature

Step 2: Search using dual-track strategy

Tool selection: If mcp__mcp-semantic-scholar__search_papers is available (test by calling it — if it errors or is missing, fall back), use the MCP path below. Otherwise use the WebSearch path. Both paths feed the same Step 3.

MCP path (preferred when available)

Run 3-4 search_papers calls across two tracks:

Recency track (2 calls, limit 10 each):

• The topic as stated
• Topic narrowed by methodology or subfield

Landmark track (1-2 calls, limit 10 each):

• Topic + "survey" or "review"
• Topic + "limitations" or "challenges"

No date filter.

Citation snowball (MCP-only bonus): For the 2-3 most relevant papers found so far, call get_references (backward snowball) and get_citations (forward snowball) with limit 5-10. This surfaces connected papers that keyword search misses. Deduplicate against papers already collected.

For any paper where search_papers returned incomplete metadata, call get_paper with its ID to fill in authors, year, and open-access PDF links.

WebSearch path (fallback)

Run 4-6 WebSearch queries across two tracks. Both tracks use standard queries — no date operators. Recency is determined post-hoc in Step 3 by reading the publication year from each fetched source.

Recency track (target: cutting-edge work from the last 3 years) Run 2-3 queries approaching the topic from different angles:

• The topic as stated
• Topic + "peer reviewed" or "systematic review"
• Topic + "empirical study" or "experimental results"

Landmark track (target: foundational papers with no recency filter) Run 2-3 queries that surface older, definitional work:

• Topic + "foundational" or "seminal"
• Topic + "limitations" or "challenges" — surfaces critical and contrarian literature
• Topic + an adjacent domain if the topic is interdisciplinary

No date filter on the landmark track.

After either path

For recency-track sources, keep only those published in the last 3 years. Older sources found in the recency track are discarded unless they also surface in the landmark track. Collect all result URLs across both tracks. Deduplicate against URLs already in references.md.

Step 3: Fetch and evaluate each source

For each new source (up to 10 per run):

Quality gate: Before recording any source, assess its type. Peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers, and established technical reports are included. Blog posts, opinion pieces, press releases, and low-signal web pages are silently dropped — they do not appear in references.md and no exclusion log is kept. Prefer depth over breadth: 5 authoritative sources outweigh 10 mediocre ones. Every included source must directly advance understanding of the topic.

If source came from MCP (search_papers, get_references, get_citations): metadata (title, authors, year, citation count, open-access URL) is already structured. Skip to relevance assessment (step 2 below). Use get_paper only if critical fields are missing.

If source came from WebSearch: follow the full fetch pipeline below.

1. WebFetch the URL to retrieve content
2. Assess relevance -- is this directly useful to the topic? Skip tangential results. A smaller, high-quality reference list is far more valuable than a padded one, because downstream work treats every entry as worth reading
3. Extract metadata: title, authors, year, source type (peer-reviewed / preprint / web resource / book)
4. Write a 2-3 sentence relevance summary: what it covers and why it matters to this specific topic
5. Attempt PDF download if the URL points to a PDF or a download link is visible on the page (MCP results often include an openAccessPdf URL — use it when present):
   • Construct a filename: <first-author-lastname>-<year>-<slug>.pdf
   • Fetch and write to <problem-dir>/references/<filename>
   • If the download fails or returns non-PDF content, record the URL for manual access instead. Many publishers block automated downloads -- this is expected, not an error

Step 4: Update references.md

Append new entries to <problem-dir>/references.md. If the file does not exist, create it with a header first.

Each entry format:

## REF-NNN: <Title>

- **Authors:** <names, or "Unknown">
- **Year:** <year, or "n.d.">
- **Type:** <Peer-reviewed article | Preprint | Web resource | Book | Other>
- **URL:** <url>
- **Downloaded:** <filename in references/ | Not available>

**Relevance:** <2-3 sentences: what this covers and why it matters to the topic>

---

Step 5: Report

Output a summary:

• N new sources added (list their REF IDs and titles)
• N sources already present (skipped)
• N articles downloaded to references/