DCF valuation methodology for M&A due diligence — projections, sensitivity analysis, and terminal value calculation
Build discounted cash flow models for target company valuation in M&A contexts.
| Parameter | Default | Rationale |
|---|---|---|
| Tax rate | 21% (US) / 17% (SG) | Adjust per jurisdiction |
| CapEx as % of revenue | 5% | Adjust per industry (SaaS ~3%, manufacturing ~8-12%) |
| Terminal growth | 2.5% | Should not exceed long-term GDP growth |
| WACC | CAPM-calculated | Fallback: 10-12% for mid-market |
| Depreciation | % of CapEx | Match to industry capital intensity |
| Working capital change | % of revenue delta | Use historical average if available |
Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta × Equity Risk Premium
WACC = (E/V × Cost of Equity) + (D/V × Cost of Debt × (1 - Tax Rate))
Prefer Exit Multiple method for M&A (matches how buyers think):
Always present: