Build / Update Screens from Design System

Prerequisites

• Figma MCP server must be connected
• The target Figma file must have a published design system with components (or access to a team library)
• User should provide either:
  • A Figma file URL / file key to work in
  • Or context about which file to target (the agent can discover pages)
• Source code or description of the screen to build/update

Parallel Workflow with generate_figma_design (Web Apps Only)

When building a screen from a web app that can be rendered in a browser, the best results come from running both approaches in parallel:

1. In parallel:
   • Start building the screen using this skill's workflow (use_figma + design system components)
   • Run generate_figma_design to capture a pixel-perfect screenshot of the running web app
2. Once both complete: Update the use_figma output to match the pixel-perfect layout from the generate_figma_design capture. The capture provides the exact spacing, sizing, and visual treatment to aim for, while your use_figma output has proper component instances linked to the design system.
3. Once confirmed looking good: Delete the generate_figma_design output — it was only used as a visual reference.

This combines the best of both: generate_figma_design gives pixel-perfect layout accuracy, while use_figma gives proper design system component instances that stay linked and updatable.

This workflow only applies to web apps where generate_figma_design can capture the running page. For non-web apps (iOS, Android, etc.) or when updating existing screens, use the standard workflow below.

Required Workflow

Follow these steps in order. Do not skip steps.

Step 1: Understand the Screen

Before touching Figma, understand what you're building:

1. If building from code, read the relevant source files to understand the page structure, sections, and which components are used.
2. Identify the major sections of the screen (e.g., Header, Hero, Content Panels, Pricing Grid, FAQ Accordion, Footer).
3. For each section, list the UI components involved (buttons, inputs, cards, navigation pills, accordions, etc.).

Step 2: Discover Design System — Components, Variables, and Styles

You need three things from the design system: components (buttons, cards, etc.), variables (colors, spacing, radii), and styles (text styles, effect styles like shadows). Don't hardcode hex colors or pixel values when design system tokens exist.

2a: Discover components

Preferred: inspect existing screens first. If the target file already contains screens using the same design system, skip search_design_system and inspect existing instances directly. A single use_figma call that walks an existing frame's instances gives you an exact, authoritative component map:

const frame = figma.currentPage.findOne(n => n.name === "Existing Screen");
const uniqueSets = new Map();
frame.findAll(n => n.type === "INSTANCE").forEach(inst => {
  const mc = inst.mainComponent;
  const cs = mc?.parent?.type === "COMPONENT_SET" ? mc.parent : null;
  const key = cs ? cs.key : mc?.key;
  const name = cs ? cs.name : mc?.name;
  if (key && !uniqueSets.has(key)) {
    uniqueSets.set(key, { name, key, isSet: !!cs, sampleVariant: mc.name });
  }
});
return [...uniqueSets.values()];

Only fall back to search_design_system when the file has no existing screens to reference. When using it, search broadly — try multiple terms and synonyms (e.g., "button", "input", "nav", "card", "accordion", "header", "footer", "tag", "avatar", "toggle", "icon", etc.). Use includeComponents: true to focus on components.

Include component properties in your map — you need to know which TEXT properties each component exposes for text overrides. Create a temporary instance, read its componentProperties (and those of nested instances), then remove the temp instance.

Example component map with property info:

Component Map:
- Button → key: "abc123", type: COMPONENT_SET
  Properties: { "Label#2:0": TEXT, "Has Icon#4:64": BOOLEAN }
- PricingCard → key: "ghi789", type: COMPONENT_SET
  Properties: { "Device": VARIANT, "Variant": VARIANT }
  Nested "Text Heading" has: { "Text#2104:5": TEXT }
  Nested "Button" has: { "Label#2:0": TEXT }

2b: Discover variables (colors, spacing, radii)

Inspect existing screens first (same as components). Or use search_design_system with includeVariables: true.

WARNING: Two different variable discovery methods — do not confuse them.

• use_figma with figma.variables.getLocalVariableCollectionsAsync() — returns only local variables defined in the current file. If this returns empty, it does not mean no variables exist. Remote/published library variables are invisible to this API.
• search_design_system with includeVariables: true — searches across all linked libraries, including remote and published ones. This is the correct tool for discovering design system variables.

Never conclude "no variables exist" based solely on getLocalVariableCollectionsAsync() returning empty. Always also run search_design_system with includeVariables: true to check for library variables before deciding to create your own.

Query strategy: search_design_system matches against variable names (e.g., "Gray/gray-9", "core/gray/100", "space/400"), not categories. Run multiple short, simple queries in parallel rather than one compound query:

• Primitive colors: "gray", "red", "blue", "green", "white", "brand"
• Semantic colors: "background", "foreground", "border", "surface", "text"
• Spacing/sizing: "space", "radius", "gap", "padding"

If initial searches return empty, try shorter fragments or different naming conventions — libraries vary widely ("grey" vs "gray", "spacing" vs "space", "color/bg" vs "background").

Inspect an existing screen's bound variables for the most authoritative results:

const frame = figma.currentPage.findOne(n => n.name === "Existing Screen");
const varMap = new Map();
frame.findAll(() => true).forEach(node => {
  const bv = node.boundVariables;
  if (!bv) return;
  for (const [prop, binding] of Object.entries(bv)) {
    const bindings = Array.isArray(binding) ? binding : [binding];
    for (const b of bindings) {
      if (b?.id && !varMap.has(b.id)) {
        const v = await figma.variables.getVariableByIdAsync(b.id);
        if (v) varMap.set(b.id, { name: v.name, id: v.id, key: v.key, type: v.resolvedType, remote: v.remote });
      }
    }
  }
});
return [...varMap.values()];

For library variables (remote = true), import them by key with figma.variables.importVariableByKeyAsync(key). For local variables, use figma.variables.getVariableByIdAsync(id) directly.

See variable-patterns.md for binding patterns.

2c: Discover styles (text styles, effect styles)

Search for styles using search_design_system with includeStyles: true and terms like "heading", "body", "shadow", "elevation". Or inspect what an existing screen uses:

const frame = figma.currentPage.findOne(n => n.name === "Existing Screen");
const styles = { text: new Map(), effect: new Map() };
frame.findAll(() => true).forEach(node => {
  if ('textStyleId' in node && node.textStyleId) {
    const s = figma.getStyleById(node.textStyleId);
    if (s) styles.text.set(s.id, { name: s.name, id: s.id, key: s.key });
  }
  if ('effectStyleId' in node && node.effectStyleId) {
    const s = figma.getStyleById(node.effectStyleId);
    if (s) styles.effect.set(s.id, { name: s.name, id: s.id, key: s.key });
  }
});
return {
  textStyles: [...styles.text.values()],
  effectStyles: [...styles.effect.values()]
};

Import library styles with figma.importStyleByKeyAsync(key), then apply with node.textStyleId = style.id or node.effectStyleId = style.id.

See text-style-patterns.md and effect-style-patterns.md for details.

Step 3: Create the Page Wrapper Frame First

Do NOT build sections as top-level page children and reparent them later — moving nodes across use_figma calls with appendChild() silently fails and produces orphaned frames. Instead, create the wrapper first, then build each section directly inside it.

Create the page wrapper in its own use_figma call. Position it away from existing content and return its ID:

// Find clear space
let maxX = 0;
for (const child of figma.currentPage.children) {
  maxX = Math.max(maxX, child.x + child.width);
}

const wrapper = figma.createFrame();
wrapper.name = "Homepage";
wrapper.layoutMode = "VERTICAL";
wrapper.primaryAxisAlignItems = "CENTER";
wrapper.counterAxisAlignItems = "CENTER";
wrapper.resize(1440, 100);
wrapper.layoutSizingHorizontal = "FIXED";
wrapper.layoutSizingVertical = "HUG";
wrapper.x = maxX + 200;
wrapper.y = 0;

return { success: true, wrapperId: wrapper.id };

Step 4: Build Each Section Inside the Wrapper

This is the most important step. Build one section at a time, each in its own use_figma call. At the start of each script, fetch the wrapper by ID and append new content directly to it.

const createdNodeIds = [];
const wrapper = await figma.getNodeByIdAsync("WRAPPER_ID_FROM_STEP_3");

// Import design system components by key
const buttonSet = await figma.importComponentSetByKeyAsync("BUTTON_SET_KEY");
const primaryButton = buttonSet.children.find(c =>
  c.type === "COMPONENT" && c.name.includes("variant=primary")
) || buttonSet.defaultVariant;

// Import design system variables for colors and spacing
const bgColorVar = await figma.variables.importVariableByKeyAsync("BG_COLOR_VAR_KEY");
const spacingVar = await figma.variables.importVariableByKeyAsync("SPACING_VAR_KEY");

// Build section frame with variable bindings (not hardcoded values)
const section = figma.createFrame();
section.name = "Header";
section.layoutMode = "HORIZONTAL";
section.setBoundVariable("paddingLeft", spacingVar);
section.setBoundVariable("paddingRight", spacingVar);
const bgPaint = figma.variables.setBoundVariableForPaint(
  { type: 'SOLID', color: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0 } }, 'color', bgColorVar
);
section.fills = [bgPaint];

// Import and apply text/effect styles
const shadowStyle = await figma.importStyleByKeyAsync("SHADOW_STYLE_KEY");
section.effectStyleId = shadowStyle.id;

// Create component instances inside the section
const btnInstance = primaryButton.createInstance();
section.appendChild(btnInstance);
createdNodeIds.push(btnInstance.id);

// Append section to wrapper
wrapper.appendChild(section);
section.layoutSizingHorizontal = "FILL"; // AFTER appending

createdNodeIds.push(section.id);
return { success: true, createdNodeIds };

After each section, validate with get_screenshot before moving on. Look closely for cropped/clipped text (line heights cutting off content) and overlapping elements — these are the most common issues and easy to miss at a glance.

Override instance text with setProperties()

Component instances ship with placeholder text ("Title", "Heading", "Button"). Use the component property keys you discovered in Step 2 to override them with setProperties() — this is more reliable than direct node.characters manipulation. See component-patterns.md for the full pattern.

For nested instances that expose their own TEXT properties, call setProperties() on the nested instance:

const nestedHeading = cardInstance.findOne(n => n.type === "INSTANCE" && n.name === "Text Heading");
if (nestedHeading) {
  nestedHeading.setProperties({ "Text#2104:5": "Actual heading from source code" });
}

Only fall back to direct node.characters for text that is NOT managed by any component property.

Read source code defaults carefully

When translating code components to Figma instances, check the component's default prop values in the source code, not just what's explicitly passed. For example, <Button size="small">Register</Button> with no variant prop — check the component definition to find variant = "primary" as the default. Selecting the wrong variant (e.g., Neutral instead of Primary) produces a visually incorrect result that's easy to miss.

What to build manually vs. import from design system

Never hardcode hex colors or pixel spacing when a design system variable exists. Use setBoundVariable for spacing/radii and setBoundVariableForPaint for colors. Apply text styles with node.textStyleId and effect styles with node.effectStyleId.

Step 5: Validate the Full Screen

After composing all sections, call get_screenshot on the full page frame and compare against the source. Fix any issues with targeted use_figma calls — don't rebuild the entire screen.

Screenshot individual sections, not just the full page. A full-page screenshot at reduced resolution hides text truncation, wrong colors, and placeholder text that hasn't been overridden. Take a screenshot of each section by node ID to catch:

• Cropped/clipped text — line heights or frame sizing cutting off descenders, ascenders, or entire lines
• Overlapping content — elements stacking on top of each other due to incorrect sizing or missing auto-layout
• Placeholder text still showing ("Title", "Heading", "Button")
• Truncated content from layout sizing bugs
• Wrong component variants (e.g., Neutral vs Primary button)

Step 6: Updating an Existing Screen

When updating rather than creating from scratch:

1. Use get_metadata to inspect the existing screen structure.
2. Identify which sections need updating and which can stay.
3. For each section that needs changes:
   • Locate the existing nodes by ID or name
   • Swap component instances if the design system component changed
   • Update text content, variant properties, or layout as needed
   • Remove deprecated sections
   • Add new sections
4. Validate with get_screenshot after each modification.

// Example: Swap a button variant in an existing screen
const existingButton = await figma.getNodeByIdAsync("EXISTING_BUTTON_INSTANCE_ID");
if (existingButton && existingButton.type === "INSTANCE") {
  // Import the updated component
  const buttonSet = await figma.importComponentSetByKeyAsync("BUTTON_SET_KEY");
  const newVariant = buttonSet.children.find(c =>
    c.name.includes("variant=primary") && c.name.includes("size=lg")
  ) || buttonSet.defaultVariant;
  existingButton.swapComponent(newVariant);
}
return { success: true, mutatedNodeIds: [existingButton.id] };

Reference Docs

For detailed API patterns and gotchas, load these from the figma-use references as needed:

• component-patterns.md — importing by key, finding variants, setProperties, text overrides, working with instances
• variable-patterns.md — creating/binding variables, importing library variables, scopes, aliasing, discovering existing variables
• text-style-patterns.md — creating/applying text styles, importing library text styles, type ramps
• effect-style-patterns.md — creating/applying effect styles (shadows), importing library effect styles
• gotchas.md — layout pitfalls (HUG/FILL interactions, counterAxisAlignItems, sizing order), paint/color issues, page context resets

Error Recovery

Follow the error recovery process from figma-use:

1. STOP on error — do not retry immediately.
2. Read the error message carefully to understand what went wrong.
3. If the error is unclear, call get_metadata or get_screenshot to inspect the current file state.
4. Fix the script based on the error message.
5. Retry the corrected script — this is safe because failed scripts are atomic (nothing is created if a script errors).

Because this skill works incrementally (one section per call), errors are naturally scoped to a single section. Previous sections from successful calls remain intact.

Best Practices

• Always search before building. The design system likely has the component, variable, or style you need. Manual construction and hardcoded values should be the exception, not the rule.
• Search broadly. Try synonyms and partial terms. A "NavigationPill" might be found under "pill", "nav", "tab", or "chip". For variables, search "color", "spacing", "radius", etc.
• Prefer design system tokens over hardcoded values. Use variable bindings for colors, spacing, and radii. Use text styles for typography. Use effect styles for shadows. This keeps the screen linked to the design system.
• Prefer component instances over manual builds. Instances stay linked to the source component and update automatically when the design system evolves.
• Work section by section. Never build more than one major section per use_figma call.
• Return node IDs from every call. You'll need them to compose sections and for error recovery.
• Validate visually after each section. Use get_screenshot to catch issues early.
• Match existing conventions. If the file already has screens, match their naming, sizing, and layout patterns.