Computer vision engineering skill for object detection, image segmentation, and visual AI systems. Covers CNN and Vision Transformer architectures, YOLO/Faster R-CNN/DETR detection, Mask R-CNN/SAM segmentation, and production deployment with ONNX/TensorRT. Includes PyTorch, torchvision, Ultralytics, Detectron2, and MMDetection frameworks. Use when building detection pipelines, training custom models, optimizing inference, or deploying vision systems.
Production computer vision engineering skill for object detection, image segmentation, and visual AI system deployment.
# Generate training configuration for YOLO or Faster R-CNN
python scripts/vision_model_trainer.py models/ --task detection --arch yolov8
# Analyze model for optimization opportunities (quantization, pruning)
python scripts/inference_optimizer.py model.pt --target onnx --benchmark
# Build dataset pipeline with augmentations
python scripts/dataset_pipeline_builder.py images/ --format coco --augment
This skill provides guidance on:
| Category | Technologies |
|---|---|
| Frameworks | PyTorch, torchvision, timm |
| Detection | Ultralytics (YOLO), Detectron2, MMDetection |
| Segmentation | segment-anything, mmsegmentation |
| Optimization | ONNX, TensorRT, OpenVINO, torch.compile |
| Image Processing | OpenCV, Pillow, albumentations |
| Annotation | CVAT, Label Studio, Roboflow |
| Experiment Tracking | MLflow, Weights & Biases |
| Serving | Triton Inference Server, TorchServe |
Use this workflow when building an object detection system from scratch.
Analyze the detection task requirements:
Detection Requirements Analysis:
- Target objects: [list specific classes to detect]
- Real-time requirement: [yes/no, target FPS]
- Accuracy priority: [speed vs accuracy trade-off]
- Deployment target: [cloud GPU, edge device, mobile]
- Dataset size: [number of images, annotations per class]
Choose architecture based on requirements:
| Requirement | Recommended Architecture | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Real-time (>30 FPS) | YOLOv8/v11, RT-DETR | Single-stage, optimized for speed |
| High accuracy | Faster R-CNN, DINO | Two-stage, better localization |
| Small objects | YOLO + SAHI, Faster R-CNN + FPN | Multi-scale detection |
| Edge deployment | YOLOv8n, MobileNetV3-SSD | Lightweight architectures |
| Transformer-based | DETR, DINO, RT-DETR | End-to-end, no NMS required |
Convert annotations to required format:
# COCO format (recommended)
python scripts/dataset_pipeline_builder.py data/images/ \
--annotations data/labels/ \
--format coco \
--split 0.8 0.1 0.1 \
--output data/coco/
# Verify dataset
python -c "from pycocotools.coco import COCO; coco = COCO('data/coco/train.json'); print(f'Images: {len(coco.imgs)}, Categories: {len(coco.cats)}')"
Generate training configuration:
# For Ultralytics YOLO
python scripts/vision_model_trainer.py data/coco/ \
--task detection \
--arch yolov8m \
--epochs 100 \
--batch 16 \
--imgsz 640 \
--output configs/
# For Detectron2
python scripts/vision_model_trainer.py data/coco/ \
--task detection \
--arch faster_rcnn_R_50_FPN \
--framework detectron2 \
--output configs/
# Ultralytics training
yolo detect train data=data.yaml model=yolov8m.pt epochs=100 imgsz=640
# Detectron2 training
python train_net.py --config-file configs/faster_rcnn.yaml --num-gpus 1
# Validate on test set
yolo detect val model=runs/detect/train/weights/best.pt data=data.yaml
Key metrics to analyze:
| Metric | Target | Description |
|---|---|---|
| mAP@50 | >0.7 | Mean Average Precision at IoU 0.5 |
| mAP@50:95 | >0.5 | COCO primary metric |
| Precision | >0.8 | Low false positives |
| Recall | >0.8 | Low missed detections |
| Inference time | <33ms | For 30 FPS real-time |
Use this workflow when preparing a trained model for production deployment.
# Measure current model performance
python scripts/inference_optimizer.py model.pt \
--benchmark \
--input-size 640 640 \
--batch-sizes 1 4 8 16 \
--warmup 10 \
--iterations 100
Expected output:
Baseline Performance (PyTorch FP32):
- Batch 1: 45.2ms (22.1 FPS)
- Batch 4: 89.4ms (44.7 FPS)
- Batch 8: 165.3ms (48.4 FPS)
- Memory: 2.1 GB
- Parameters: 25.9M
| Deployment Target | Optimization Path |
|---|---|
| NVIDIA GPU (cloud) | PyTorch → ONNX → TensorRT FP16 |
| NVIDIA GPU (edge) | PyTorch → TensorRT INT8 |
| Intel CPU | PyTorch → ONNX → OpenVINO |
| Apple Silicon | PyTorch → CoreML |
| Generic CPU | PyTorch → ONNX Runtime |
| Mobile | PyTorch → TFLite or ONNX Mobile |
# Export with dynamic batch size
python scripts/inference_optimizer.py model.pt \
--export onnx \
--input-size 640 640 \
--dynamic-batch \
--simplify \
--output model.onnx
# Verify ONNX model
python -c "import onnx; model = onnx.load('model.onnx'); onnx.checker.check_model(model); print('ONNX model valid')"
For INT8 quantization with calibration:
# Generate calibration dataset
python scripts/inference_optimizer.py model.onnx \
--quantize int8 \
--calibration-data data/calibration/ \
--calibration-samples 500 \
--output model_int8.onnx
Quantization impact analysis:
| Precision | Size | Speed | Accuracy Drop |
|---|---|---|---|
| FP32 | 100% | 1x | 0% |
| FP16 | 50% | 1.5-2x | <0.5% |
| INT8 | 25% | 2-4x | 1-3% |
# TensorRT (NVIDIA GPU)
trtexec --onnx=model.onnx --saveEngine=model.engine --fp16
# OpenVINO (Intel)
mo --input_model model.onnx --output_dir openvino/
# CoreML (Apple)
python -c "import coremltools as ct; model = ct.convert('model.onnx'); model.save('model.mlpackage')"
python scripts/inference_optimizer.py model.engine \
--benchmark \
--runtime tensorrt \
--compare model.pt
Expected speedup:
Optimization Results:
- Original (PyTorch FP32): 45.2ms
- Optimized (TensorRT FP16): 12.8ms
- Speedup: 3.5x
- Accuracy change: -0.3% mAP
Use this workflow when preparing a computer vision dataset for training.
# Analyze image dataset
python scripts/dataset_pipeline_builder.py data/raw/ \
--analyze \
--output analysis/
Analysis report includes:
Dataset Analysis:
- Total images: 5,234
- Image sizes: 640x480 to 4096x3072 (variable)
- Formats: JPEG (4,891), PNG (343)
- Corrupted: 12 files
- Duplicates: 45 pairs
Annotation Analysis:
- Format detected: Pascal VOC XML
- Total annotations: 28,456
- Classes: 5 (car, person, bicycle, dog, cat)
- Distribution: car (12,340), person (8,234), bicycle (3,456), dog (2,890), cat (1,536)
- Empty images: 234
# Remove corrupted and duplicate images
python scripts/dataset_pipeline_builder.py data/raw/ \
--clean \
--remove-corrupted \
--remove-duplicates \
--output data/cleaned/
# Convert VOC to COCO format
python scripts/dataset_pipeline_builder.py data/cleaned/ \
--annotations data/annotations/ \
--input-format voc \
--output-format coco \
--output data/coco/
Supported format conversions:
| From | To |
|---|---|
| Pascal VOC XML | COCO JSON |
| YOLO TXT | COCO JSON |
| COCO JSON | YOLO TXT |
| LabelMe JSON | COCO JSON |
| CVAT XML | COCO JSON |
# Generate augmentation config
python scripts/dataset_pipeline_builder.py data/coco/ \
--augment \
--aug-config configs/augmentation.yaml \
--output data/augmented/
Recommended augmentations for detection:
# configs/augmentation.yaml