Acad Regions Solids

Multiple open curves that together close a loop also work:

DBObjectCollection curves = new DBObjectCollection();
curves.Add(line1);   // Line from (0,0) to (100,0)
curves.Add(arc1);    // Arc from (100,0) to (100,50)
curves.Add(line2);   // Line from (100,50) to (0,0)
DBObjectCollection regions = Region.CreateFromCurves(curves);

Region Boolean Operations

Region regionA = /* ... */;
Region regionB = /* ... */;

// Union -- merges both regions
regionA.BooleanOperation(BooleanOperationType.BoolUnite, regionB);
// regionA now contains the union; regionB becomes a null region

// Subtract -- removes regionB from regionA
regionA.BooleanOperation(BooleanOperationType.BoolSubtract, regionB);

// Intersect -- keeps only the overlap
regionA.BooleanOperation(BooleanOperationType.BoolIntersect, regionB);

Solid3d Primitives

All primitives are created centered at the world origin. Use TransformBy to position them.

// Box
Solid3d box = new Solid3d();
box.CreateBox(100, 50, 25);  // length, width, height

// Sphere
Solid3d sphere = new Solid3d();
sphere.CreateSphere(25);  // radius

// Cylinder (frustum with equal radii)
Solid3d cyl = new Solid3d();
cyl.CreateFrustum(50, 15, 15, 15);  // height, xRadius, yRadius, topRadius

// Cone (frustum with topRadius = 0)
Solid3d cone = new Solid3d();
cone.CreateFrustum(50, 20, 20, 0);  // height, xRadius, yRadius, topRadius

// Torus
Solid3d torus = new Solid3d();
torus.CreateTorus(40, 10);  // majorRadius, minorRadius

// Wedge
Solid3d wedge = new Solid3d();
wedge.CreateWedge(100, 50, 25);  // length, width, height

// Pyramid (truncated: add 4th param for topRadius)
Solid3d pyramid = new Solid3d();
pyramid.CreatePyramid(50, 4, 20);  // height, sides, radius

Positioning Primitives

Solid3d box = new Solid3d();
box.CreateBox(100, 50, 25);

// Move then rotate
Matrix3d move = Matrix3d.Displacement(new Vector3d(200, 300, 0));
Matrix3d rot = Matrix3d.Rotation(Math.PI / 4, Vector3d.ZAxis, new Point3d(200, 300, 0));
box.TransformBy(rot * move);  // right-to-left: move first, then rotate

Solid3d from Extrusion

// Extrude a region by height with optional taper
Region region = /* closed boundary region */;
Solid3d solid = new Solid3d();
solid.Extrude(region, 30.0, 0.0);  // height, taperAngle (radians)
// Positive taper = narrows; negative = widens

Extrude Along a Path

Region profile = /* cross-section region */;
ObjectId pathId = /* path curve ObjectId (Line, Arc, Polyline, Spline) */;

Solid3d solid = new Solid3d();
solid.ExtrudeAlongPath(profile, pathId, 0.0);  // taperAngle

Solid3d from Revolution

Region profile = /* profile region -- must be entirely on one side of axis */;
Point3d axisPoint = new Point3d(0, 0, 0);
Vector3d axisDir = Vector3d.YAxis;

Solid3d solid = new Solid3d();
solid.Revolve(profile, axisPoint, axisDir, 2 * Math.PI);  // full revolution

Solid3d from Sweep

Entity profileEntity = /* closed curve or region (must be in database) */;
Entity pathEntity = /* path curve (must be in database) */;

SweepOptions sweepOpts = new SweepOptions();
// Optional: sweepOpts.Align, sweepOpts.Bank, sweepOpts.BasePoint,
//           sweepOpts.ScaleFactor, sweepOpts.TwistAngle

Solid3d solid = new Solid3d();
solid.CreateSweptSolid(profileEntity, pathEntity, sweepOpts);

Solid3d from Loft

Entity[] crossSections = new Entity[] { profile1, profile2, profile3 };

LoftOptions loftOpts = new LoftOptions();
// Optional: loftOpts.Ruled, loftOpts.Closed, loftOpts.StartDraftAngle,
//           loftOpts.EndDraftAngle, loftOpts.StartDraftMagnitude

Solid3d solid = new Solid3d();
solid.CreateLoftedSolid(crossSections, null, null, loftOpts);
// Parameters: crossSections, guideCurves (Entity[]), pathEntity (Entity), options

// With guide curves:
solid.CreateLoftedSolid(crossSections, new Entity[] { guide1 }, null, loftOpts);

Solid3d Boolean Operations

Solid3d solidA = /* first solid */;
Solid3d solidB = /* second solid */;

// Union -- solidB is erased from the database
solidA.BooleanOperation(BooleanOperationType.BoolUnite, solidB);

// Subtract -- solidB carved out of solidA; solidB erased
solidA.BooleanOperation(BooleanOperationType.BoolSubtract, solidB);

// Intersect -- only overlap remains; solidB erased
solidA.BooleanOperation(BooleanOperationType.BoolIntersect, solidB);

Practical Example: Box with Cylindrical Hole

Solid3d box = new Solid3d();
box.CreateBox(100, 100, 50);
btr.AppendEntity(box);
tr.AddNewlyCreatedDBObject(box, true);

Solid3d hole = new Solid3d();
hole.CreateFrustum(60, 15, 15, 15);  // cylinder
btr.AppendEntity(hole);
tr.AddNewlyCreatedDBObject(hole, true);

box.BooleanOperation(BooleanOperationType.BoolSubtract, hole);
// hole is erased; box has a cylindrical hole through it

Solid3d Mass Properties

Solid3d solid = (Solid3d)tr.GetObject(solidId, OpenMode.ForRead);

double volume = solid.MassProperties.Volume;
Point3d centroid = solid.MassProperties.Centroid;
double[] momentsOfInertia = solid.MassProperties.MomentsOfInertia.ToArray();
double[] productsOfInertia = solid.MassProperties.ProductsOfInertia.ToArray();
double[] radiiOfGyration = solid.MassProperties.RadiiOfGyration.ToArray();
double[] principalMoments = solid.MassProperties.PrincipalMoments.ToArray();
Vector3d[] principalDirs = solid.MassProperties.PrincipalDirections;

Solid3d Sectioning and Slicing

Sectioning (creates a Region cross-section)

Solid3d solid = (Solid3d)tr.GetObject(solidId, OpenMode.ForWrite);
Plane sectionPlane = new Plane(new Point3d(0, 0, 25), Vector3d.ZAxis);

Entity sectionEntity = solid.GetSection(sectionPlane);
if (sectionEntity != null)
{
    btr.AppendEntity(sectionEntity);
    tr.AddNewlyCreatedDBObject(sectionEntity, true);
}

Slicing (cuts the solid in two)

Plane slicePlane = new Plane(new Point3d(50, 0, 0), Vector3d.XAxis);

// true = keep both halves; returns the other half as a new Solid3d
Solid3d otherHalf = solid.Slice(slicePlane, true);
if (otherHalf != null)
{
    btr.AppendEntity(otherHalf);
    tr.AddNewlyCreatedDBObject(otherHalf, true);
}

// false = discard the negative side
solid.Slice(slicePlane, false);

SubEntity Access via Brep API

The Brep (Boundary Representation) API provides access to faces, edges, and vertices. Hierarchy: Complex -> Shell -> Face -> BoundaryLoop -> Edge -> Vertex.

using Autodesk.AutoCAD.BoundaryRepresentation;

Solid3d solid = (Solid3d)tr.GetObject(solidId, OpenMode.ForRead);
using (Brep brep = new Brep(solid))
{
    // Faces
    foreach (Face face in brep.Faces)
    {
        ExternalBoundedSurface surf = face.Surface;
        double faceArea = face.GetArea();

        foreach (BoundaryLoop loop in face.Loops)
        {
            foreach (Edge edge in loop.Edges)
            {
                ExternalCurve3d curve = edge.Curve;
                Point3d startPt = curve.StartPoint;
                Point3d endPt = curve.EndPoint;
            }
        }
    }

    // Edges and vertices directly
    foreach (Edge edge in brep.Edges)
    {
        Point3d pt1 = edge.Vertex1.Point;
        Point3d pt2 = edge.Vertex2.Point;
    }

    foreach (Vertex vertex in brep.Vertices)
        Point3d pt = vertex.Point;

    // Topology counts (LINQ methods, not properties)
    int faceCount = brep.Faces.Count();
    int edgeCount = brep.Edges.Count();

    // Shells
    foreach (Shell shell in brep.Shells)
        ShellType type = shell.ShellType;  // ShellIn or ShellOut
}

Body and Surface Entities

Surface entities are open surfaces (area but no volume). They cannot participate in solid boolean operations.

// Extruded surface
ExtrudedSurface extSurf = new ExtrudedSurface();
extSurf.CreateExtrudedSurface(profileEntity, new Vector3d(0, 0, 50), new SweepOptions());

// Revolved surface
RevolvedSurface revSurf = new RevolvedSurface();
revSurf.CreateRevolvedSurface(profileEntity, axisPoint, axisDir, angle, 0.0, new RevolveOptions());

// Lofted surface
LoftedSurface loftSurf = new LoftedSurface();
loftSurf.CreateLoftedSurface(crossSections, null, null, new LoftOptions());

// Swept surface
SweptSurface sweptSurf = new SweptSurface();
sweptSurf.CreateSweptSurface(profileEntity, pathEntity, new SweepOptions());

// Planar surface from region
PlaneSurface planeSurf = new PlaneSurface();
planeSurf.CreateFromRegion(region);

Body is a lower-level entity rarely used directly. Import from SAT data with Body.CreateFromSatFile("model.sat").

3D Coordinate Systems and Transforms for Solids

// Align solid to a custom coordinate system
Solid3d solid = new Solid3d();
solid.CreateBox(100, 50, 25);

Point3d targetOrigin = new Point3d(500, 200, 100);
Vector3d targetX = new Vector3d(1, 1, 0).GetNormal();
Vector3d targetZ = Vector3d.ZAxis;
Vector3d targetY = targetZ.CrossProduct(targetX).GetNormal();

Matrix3d xform = Matrix3d.AlignCoordinateSystem(
    Point3d.Origin, Vector3d.XAxis, Vector3d.YAxis, Vector3d.ZAxis,
    targetOrigin, targetX, targetY, targetZ);
solid.TransformBy(xform);

// Align to current UCS
Matrix3d ucsMatrix = ed.CurrentUserCoordinateSystem;
solid.TransformBy(ucsMatrix);

// Deep copy and transform
Solid3d copy = (Solid3d)solid.Clone();
btr.AppendEntity(copy);
tr.AddNewlyCreatedDBObject(copy, true);
copy.TransformBy(Matrix3d.Scaling(2.0, Point3d.Origin));

Gotchas

• Region.CreateFromCurves requires curves forming closed loops. Open curves or gaps return an empty collection with no error.
• Region.CreateFromCurves accepts a DBObjectCollection, not an ObjectIdCollection. Pass entity objects, not their IDs.
• After a boolean on regions, the second operand becomes a null region (zero area). After a boolean on solids, the second operand is erased from the database.
• Solid primitives are always centered at the world origin. You must TransformBy to position them.
• CreateFrustum with equal radii creates a cylinder. With topRadius = 0 it creates a cone.
• Extrude taper angle is in radians. A taper that causes self-intersection throws an exception.
• ExtrudeAlongPath requires the path curve to be in the database (pass its ObjectId).
• Revolve requires the profile to be entirely on one side of the revolution axis.
• CreateSweptSolid and CreateLoftedSolid require all entities to already exist in the database.
• Brep must be disposed (using block). Failing to dispose leaks unmanaged ACIS resources.
• Brep collections use LINQ-style enumeration. Call .Count() (method), not .Count (property).
• Solid3d.MassProperties computes on access. Cache the result for repeated queries.
• Solid3d.Slice with getNegativeSide = true returns the other half -- you must add it to the database yourself.
• GetSection returns null if the plane does not intersect the solid. Always null-check.
• Surface entities are open surfaces, not solids. They have area but no volume and cannot participate in solid boolean operations.

Related Skills

• acad-geometry -- points, vectors, matrices, planes, and coordinate system transforms used to position solids
• acad-polylines -- closed polylines as region boundaries and extrusion profiles
• acad-hatches -- solid fills and boundary loops share region-based workflows
• acad-editor-input -- prompting for entity selection and point picks when building solids interactively