Physical chemistry fundamentals
State Functions
First Law: ΔU = q + w Second Law: ΔS_universe ≥ 0 Third Law: S → 0 as T → 0
# Schrödinger equation (time-independent)
# HΨ = EΨ
# Particle in a box (1D)
def particle_in_box_energy(n, m, L):
"""
Calculate energy levels.
n: quantum number (1, 2, 3, ...)
m: particle mass
L: box length
"""
h = 6.626e-34 # Planck constant
return (n**2 * h**2) / (8 * m * L**2)
# Heisenberg uncertainty
# Δx · Δp ≥ ℏ/2