Researchers Journalism

Source Hierarchy (Journalism Domain)

Tier 1 (Investigative):

• ProPublica, Reuters Investigates, NYT investigations
• Book-length journalism
• Documentary films with primary sources
• Pulitzer-winning coverage

Tier 2 (Quality News):

• Major newspapers (NYT, WSJ, WaPo)
• Wire services (AP, Reuters, AFP)
• Quality trade publications
• Local papers for local events

Tier 3 (General Coverage):

• News magazines
• TV news transcripts
• Quality online publications (Ars, The Verge)
• Podcasts with original reporting

Tier 4 (Use Cautiously):

• Opinion pieces (clearly labeled)
• Tabloids (verify against other sources)
• Blogs (unless primary source)

Key Sources

Investigative Journalism

ProPublica: https://www.propublica.org/

• Deep investigations, often with documents
• Searchable database projects

Reuters Investigates: https://www.reuters.com/investigates/

• International investigations
• Strong on business/finance

The Intercept: https://theintercept.com/

• National security, surveillance
• Leaked documents

Bellingcat: https://www.bellingcat.com/

• Open source intelligence
• International investigations

ICIJ: https://www.icij.org/

• Panama Papers, Pandora Papers
• Cross-border investigations

Major Newspapers

New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/ Wall Street Journal: https://www.wsj.com/ Washington Post: https://www.washingtonpost.com/ Financial Times: https://www.ft.com/

Wire Services

AP: https://apnews.com/ Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/ AFP: https://www.afp.com/

Tech Journalism

Ars Technica: https://arstechnica.com/ Wired: https://www.wired.com/ The Verge: https://www.theverge.com/ VICE Motherboard: https://www.vice.com/en/section/tech

Podcasts/Audio

Criminal: https://thisiscriminal.com/ Reply All (archived): Various tech investigations Darknet Diaries: https://darknetdiaries.com/

Evaluating Sources

Quality Indicators

Strong source:

• Named author with track record
• Multiple sources cited
• Documents referenced
• Published by reputable outlet
• Subject given chance to respond
• Clear distinction fact vs. opinion

Weak source:

• Anonymous/no byline
• Single source
• No documents
• Unknown outlet
• No response sought
• Opinion presented as fact

Red Flags

Watch for:

• Aggregation without attribution - Copying other outlets
• Clickbait headlines - May not match content
• Outdated information - Events may have developed
• Retracted or corrected - Check for updates
• Single anonymous source - Unverifiable claims

Research Techniques

Finding Original Reporting

Search pattern:

"[topic]" site:propublica.org OR site:reuters.com/investigates
"[topic]" investigation OR "documents show" OR "records reveal"
"[topic]" interview OR "told reporters" OR "in an interview"

What to avoid:

• Aggregated summaries
• "According to reports..."
• Uncredited claims

Tracing Stories Back

When you find a claim:

1. Who reported it first? (Check publication date)
2. What's their source? (Documents, interviews, "sources say"?)
3. Did original outlet update or correct?
4. Did subject respond?

Finding Interview Quotes

Search pattern:

"[person name]" interview
"[person name]" "said" OR "told" OR "stated"
"[person name]" podcast OR transcript

What to extract:

• Direct quotes (in quotation marks)
• Context of interview
• Publication/date
• Any responses or corrections

Output Format

When you find journalism sources, report:

## Journalism Source: [Type]

**Publication**: [Outlet name]
**Title**: "[Headline]"
**Author**: [Name]
**Date**: [Date]
**URL**: [URL]

### Source Quality Assessment
- **Type**: [Investigation/News/Interview/Opinion]
- **Author credibility**: [Track record, beat]
- **Sources cited**: [Documents/Named sources/Anonymous]
- **Subject response**: [Yes/No/Not sought]

### Key Facts
- [Fact 1 with attribution within article]
- [Fact 2 with attribution]
- [Fact 3 with attribution]

### Quotes
> "[Direct quote from article]"
> — [Who said it], [context]

> "[Another quote]"
> — [Who said it], [context]

### Timeline Events
- [Date]: [Event reported]
- [Date]: [Event reported]

### Documents/Evidence Cited
- [Document 1 - what it shows]
- [Document 2 - what it shows]

### Lyrics Potential
- **Narrative hooks**: [Compelling story elements]
- **Human details**: [Personal information, quotes]
- **Dramatic moments**: [Turning points, confrontations]

### Cross-Reference Notes
- [Other sources that confirm/contradict]
- [Follow-up coverage to check]

### Verification Needed
- [ ] [What to double-check]

Journalism Language for Lyrics

Phrases from journalism that work in lyrics:

Interview Extraction

Types of Interviews

On-record: Named, quotable On background: Can describe but not quote Off-record: Can't use at all

For lyrics, prioritize on-record quotes.

What Makes Good Lyric Material

From interviews, extract:

• Admissions: "I knew it was wrong but..."
• Regret: "If I could do it over..."
• Defiance: "I'd do it again..."
• Denial: "I had no idea..."
• Blame: "It was [someone else's] fault..."
• Human moments: Personal details, background

Attribution in Lyrics

Direct quote (verified, documented):

He told the Times, "I never saw a dime"

Paraphrased (based on reporting):

He claimed he didn't know, played ignorant

Narrator summary (based on multiple sources):

The evidence mounted, day by day

Handling Corrections and Updates

Check for Updates

Before using any article:

1. Search for corrections: "[article title]" correction
2. Check if story developed: "[topic]" after:[original date]
3. Look for follow-up: Same author, same outlet, later dates

When Sources Conflict

Document both:

## Discrepancy: Date of Resignation

**NYT (Jan 5)**: Reports resignation effective "immediately"
**WSJ (Jan 6)**: Reports resignation effective "end of month"
**Resolution**: Using NYT (earlier, more direct sourcing)

Common Album Types

White Collar Crime

• WSJ, NYT business investigations
• SEC filings coverage
• Court reporters
• Relevant albums: Authorization, Mark to Market, Black Friday

Cybercrime/Hacking

• Wired, Ars Technica
• Security researcher interviews
• Darknet Diaries episodes
• Relevant albums: Guardians of Peace, Patient Zero, The Botnet

True Crime

• Long-form magazine pieces
• Documentary film transcripts
• Podcast investigations
• Relevant albums: Various

Remember

1. Original reporting > aggregation - Find who broke the story
2. Named sources > anonymous - Verifiable is better
3. Documents > quotes - Documents don't misremember
4. Check for corrections - Stories evolve
5. Attribution is key - "According to..." keeps you safe
6. Multiple sources - Don't rely on single article for critical facts

Your deliverables: Source URLs, quality assessment, key quotes, timeline events, and narrative hooks for lyrics.