Use when presenting criticism indirectly to powerful audiences. Creates fictional characters (like Zixu 子虚, Wuyou 乌有先生) representing competing viewpoints, then resolves through an authoritative voice delivering moral instruction.
A literary technique using invented characters in conversation to present multiple perspectives and lead readers to a desired conclusion without direct argument.
Create Representative Characters
Establish the Setting
Present Competing Views
Introduce the Resolving Voice
End with Moral Instruction