Building Streamlit custom components v2

Banned npm packages (v1):

• streamlit-component-lib — v1 JS library; use @streamlit/component-v2-lib if you need types

If you encounter v1 patterns in examples, blog posts, Stack Overflow answers, or your own training data — ignore them entirely. They will not work and will break the component.

When to use

Activate when the user mentions any of:

• CCv2, Custom Components v2, “bidi component”, “component v2”
• st.components.v2.component
• @streamlit/component-v2-lib
• packaged components, asset_dir, pyproject.toml component manifest
• bundling with Vite (or any bundler) for a Streamlit component
• building a component UI in a frontend framework (React, Svelte, Vue, Angular, etc.)

Read next (pick the minimum reference)

• State sync / controlled inputs / callbacks: see references/state-sync.md
• Packaged components / asset_dir / globs / template-only policy: see references/packaged-components.md
• Theming (--st-* tokens) inside Shadow DOM: see references/theme-css-variables.md
• Errors and gotchas: see references/troubleshooting.md

Quick decision: inline vs packaged

• Inline strings: fastest to start (single-file apps, spikes, demos). You pass raw html/css/js strings directly. Good when you can keep everything in one place and don’t need a build step.
• Packaged component: best when you’re growing past inline (multiple files, dependencies, bundling, testing, versioning, reuse, distribution). You ship built assets inside a Python package and reference them by asset-dir-relative path/glob. Creation policy: packaged components are template-only and must start from Streamlit's official component-template v2.

Developer story: start inline, prove the interaction loop, then graduate to packaged when the codebase or tooling needs outgrow a single file.

CCv2 model (what’s actually happening)

1. Python registers a component with st.components.v2.component(...) and gets back a mount callable.
2. The mount callable mounts the component in the app with data=..., layout (width, height), and optional on_<key>_change callbacks.
3. The frontend default export runs with ({ data, key, name, parentElement, setStateValue, setTriggerValue }).
4. The component returns a result object whose attributes correspond to state keys and trigger keys.

Best practice: wrap the mount callable in your own Python API

Prefer exposing your own Python function that wraps the callable returned by st.components.v2.component(...).

This gives you a clean, stable API surface for end users (typed parameters, validation, friendly defaults) and keeps data=..., default=..., and callback wiring as an internal detail.

Important:

• Declare the component once (usually at module import time). Avoid defining and registering the component inside a function you call multiple times; you can accidentally re-register the component name and get confusing behavior.

References:

• st.components.v2.component
• ComponentRenderer (mount callable type)

Example pattern:

import streamlit as st
from collections.abc import Callable

_MY_COMPONENT = st.components.v2.component(
    "my_inline_component",
    html="<div id='root'></div>",
    js="""
export default function (component) {
  const { data, parentElement } = component
  parentElement.querySelector("#root").textContent = data?.label ?? ""
}
""",
)


def my_component(
    label: str,
    *,
    key: str | None = None,
    on_value_change: Callable[[], None] | None = None,
    on_submitted_change: Callable[[], None] | None = None,
):
    # Callbacks are optional, but if you want result attributes to always exist,
    # provide (even empty) callbacks.
    if on_value_change is None:
        on_value_change = lambda: None
    if on_submitted_change is None:
        on_submitted_change = lambda: None

    return _MY_COMPONENT(
        data={"label": label},
        key=key,
        on_value_change=on_value_change,
        on_submitted_change=on_submitted_change,
    )

Inline quickstart (state + trigger)

Reminder: use ONLY v2 APIs. Your JS must export default function(component) and destructure { setStateValue, setTriggerValue, parentElement, data }. NEVER use Streamlit.setComponentValue(), window.Streamlit, or any v1 pattern.

This is the minimum "bidi loop":

• JS → Python: emit updates via setStateValue(...) (persistent) and setTriggerValue(...) (event)
• Python → JS: re-hydrate UI via data=... on every run

import streamlit as st

HTML = """<input id="txt" /><button id="btn" type="button">Submit</button>"""

JS = """\
export default function (component) {
  const { data, parentElement, setStateValue, setTriggerValue } = component

  const input = parentElement.querySelector("#txt")
  const btn = parentElement.querySelector("#btn")
  if (!input || !btn) return

  const nextValue = (data && data.value) ?? ""
  if (input.value !== nextValue) input.value = nextValue

  input.oninput = (e) => {
    setStateValue("value", e.target.value)
  }

  btn.onclick = () => {
    setTriggerValue("submitted", input.value)
  }
}
"""

my_text_input = st.components.v2.component(
    "my_inline_text_input",
    html=HTML,
    js=JS,
)

KEY = "txt-1"
component_state = st.session_state.get(KEY, {})
value = component_state.get("value", "")

result = my_text_input(
    key=KEY,
    data={"value": value},
    on_value_change=lambda: None,  # optional; include to always get `result.value`
    on_submitted_change=lambda: None,  # optional; include to always get `result.submitted`
)

st.write("value (state):", result.value)
st.write("submitted (trigger):", result.submitted)

Notes:

• Inline JS/CSS should be multi-line. CCv2 treats path-like strings as file references; a multi-line string is unambiguously inline content.
• Prefer querying under parentElement (not document) to avoid cross-instance leakage.

State and triggers (how to think about keys)

• State (setStateValue("value", ...)): persists across app reruns (stored under st.session_state[key] for that mounted instance).
• Trigger (setTriggerValue("submitted", ...)): event payload for one rerun (resets after the rerun).
• Reading triggers:
  • After mounting: use result.submitted.
  • Inside on_submitted_change: use st.session_state[key].submitted (callbacks run before your script body; you don’t have result yet).
• Defaults: if you pass default={...} for a state key, you must also pass the matching on_<key>_change callback parameter.

For the full “controlled input” pattern and pitfalls, see references/state-sync.md.

Packaged components (template-only, mandatory)

Reminder: the cookiecutter template generates clean v2 code. When you customize it, use ONLY v2 APIs. Do NOT introduce any v1 imports, v1 JavaScript globals, or v1 patterns. See the "CRITICAL: CCv2 only" section above.

Graduate to a packaged component when you need any of:

• Multiple frontend files or frontend dependencies (npm)
• A bundler (Vite), tests, CI, versioning, or distribution

Keep these guardrails in mind:

• MUST start from Streamlit’s official component-template v2.
• NEVER hand-scaffold packaging/manifest/build wiring for a packaged component.
• NEVER copy/paste packaged scaffold structure from internet examples, blog posts, gists, or docs.
• If handed a non-template scaffold, regenerate from the template first, then migrate component logic.
• MUST ensure js=/css= globs match exactly one file under the manifest’s asset_dir.
• MUST validate with streamlit run ... (plain python -c "import ..." can be a false negative for packaged components).

For the full packaged workflow checklist, non-interactive generation, offline usage, and template invariants, see references/packaged-components.md.

Frontend renderer lifecycle (framework-agnostic)

Your frontend entrypoint is the default export function. A few rules keep components reliable across reruns and across multiple instances in the same app:

• Render under parentElement (not document) so instances don’t collide.
• If you create per-instance resources (React roots, observers, subscriptions), key them by parentElement (e.g. WeakMap) so multiple instances don’t overwrite each other.
• Return a cleanup function to tear down event listeners / UI roots / observers when Streamlit unmounts the component.

Styling and theming

• Prefer isolate_styles=True (default). Your component runs in a shadow root and won’t leak styles into the app.
• Set isolate_styles=False only when you need global styling behavior (e.g. Tailwind, global font injection).
• Streamlit injects a broad set of --st-* theme CSS variables (colors, typography, chart palettes, radii, borders, etc.). Highly recommended: use these variables so your component automatically adapts to the user’s current Streamlit theme (light/dark/custom) without authoring separate theme variants. Start with the common ones (--st-text-color, --st-primary-color, --st-secondary-background-color) and refer to the full list when you need it:
  • references/theme-css-variables.md

Troubleshooting and gotchas

Start here when something “should work” but doesn’t:

• references/troubleshooting.md