Follow Pointers

1. Use probe_read_chain for a single call:

   probe_read_chain address=<start> offsets=[0x30, 0x10, 0x354]
   

   This follows each offset: dereference at start+0x30, dereference at result+0x10, read value at result+0x354.

2. If the chain fails, break it down step by step to find where it breaks:

   probe_read_pointer address=<start>              ; read vtable/first ptr at base
   probe_dump address=<start> size=128             ; overview of the base struct
   probe_read_pointer address=<start+0x30>         ; follow first offset
   probe_dump address=<result> size=128            ; overview of second struct
   probe_read_pointer address=<result+0x10>        ; follow second offset
   probe_read_int address=<result+0x354>           ; read final value
   

3. Validate each link — at each step, check:

   • Is the pointer value in a valid range? (typically 0x7FF... for DLL memory, 0x00000001... for heap)
   • Does the pointed-to memory look like a struct? (vtable pointer at offset 0, reasonable values)
   • Is the pointer NULL (0x0)? That means the object doesn't exist right now

When a pointer is NULL or invalid

• NULL pointer (0x0): The object isn't allocated yet. Common for optional fields. Wait for the right game state (e.g., entity must be alive, player must be in-game).
• 0xDEADBEEF / 0xFEEEFEEE / 0xCDCDCDCD: Debug fill patterns — the memory was freed or never initialized.
• 0xFFFFFFFF or 0x7FFF: Often a "null handle" in entity systems — the handle is invalid.
• Small values (< 0x10000): Probably not a pointer — this offset might be an integer field, not a pointer field.

Common pointer chain patterns

Entity via index:

EntityList + 0x10 -> ChunkArray
ChunkArray + (chunk_index * 8) -> Chunk
Chunk + (entry_index * stride) -> EntityIdentity
EntityIdentity + 0x0 -> Entity pointer

Object hierarchy:

Entity + 0x330 -> GameSceneNode
GameSceneNode + 0xC8 -> AbsOrigin (Vec3, read 12 bytes as 3 floats)
GameSceneNode + 0x103 -> bDormant (1 byte, 0 = active)

Controller -> Pawn resolution:

Controller + 0x6BC -> m_hPawn (CHandle, 4 bytes)
handle & 0x7FFF = entity_index
Resolve via entity list to get pawn pointer
Pawn + 0x354 -> m_iHealth

Tips

• If you know the class name, use rtti find <classname> <module> to find it, then rtti vtable to get the vtable layout
• probe_dump at the start of a struct shows the memory layout — pointers and integers are visually distinct in hex
• When exploring an unknown struct, read 256 bytes and look for pointer-like values (8 bytes, high addresses), then dereference each one to see what it points to
• Entity handles (CHandle) are NOT pointers — they're 4-byte indices that must be resolved through the entity list