Vectordb

Pinecone

```python from pinecone import Pinecone, ServerlessSpec

Initialize

pc = Pinecone(api_key=os.environ["PINECONE_API_KEY"])

Create index

pc.create_index( name="agents", dimension=1536, metric="cosine", spec=ServerlessSpec( cloud="aws", region="us-west-2" ) )

Get index

index = pc.Index("agents")

Upsert vectors

index.upsert( vectors=[ { "id": "agent-1", "values": embedding, "metadata": { "name": "Claude Agent", "type": "claude", "description": "General assistant" } } ], namespace="production" )

Query

results = index.query( vector=query_embedding, top_k=10, include_metadata=True, namespace="production", filter={"type": {"$eq": "claude"}} )

for match in results.matches: print(f"{match.id}: {match.score} - {match.metadata}")

Delete

index.delete(ids=["agent-1"], namespace="production") ```

Chroma

```python import chromadb from chromadb.config import Settings

Initialize

client = chromadb.PersistentClient(path="./chroma_db")

Create collection

collection = client.get_or_create_collection( name="agents", metadata={"hnsw:space": "cosine"} )

Add documents

collection.add( ids=["agent-1", "agent-2"], embeddings=[embedding1, embedding2], documents=["Document 1 text", "Document 2 text"], metadatas=[ {"type": "claude", "version": "3"}, {"type": "gpt", "version": "4"} ] )

Query

results = collection.query( query_embeddings=[query_embedding], n_results=10, where={"type": "claude"}, include=["documents", "metadatas", "distances"] )

Update

collection.update( ids=["agent-1"], metadatas=[{"type": "claude", "version": "3.5"}] )

Delete

collection.delete(ids=["agent-1"]) ```

pgvector (PostgreSQL)

```sql -- Enable extension CREATE EXTENSION vector;

-- Create table CREATE TABLE documents ( id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(), content TEXT NOT NULL, embedding vector(1536), metadata JSONB DEFAULT '{}' );

-- Create index (IVFFlat for larger datasets) CREATE INDEX ON documents USING ivfflat (embedding vector_cosine_ops) WITH (lists = 100);

-- Or HNSW for better recall CREATE INDEX ON documents USING hnsw (embedding vector_cosine_ops);

-- Insert INSERT INTO documents (content, embedding, metadata) VALUES ('Document content', '[0.1, 0.2, ...]', '{"type": "manual"}');

-- Similarity search SELECT id, content, 1 - (embedding <=> $1) AS similarity FROM documents ORDER BY embedding <=> $1 LIMIT 10;

-- With filter SELECT id, content, 1 - (embedding <=> $1) AS similarity FROM documents WHERE metadata->>'type' = 'manual' ORDER BY embedding <=> $1 LIMIT 10; ```

Python with pgvector

```python from pgvector.sqlalchemy import Vector from sqlalchemy import Column, String, JSON from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import UUID

class Document(Base): tablename = 'documents'

id = Column(UUID(as_uuid=True), primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4)
content = Column(String, nullable=False)
embedding = Column(Vector(1536))
metadata = Column(JSON, default={})

Insert

doc = Document( content="Document content", embedding=embedding, metadata={"type": "manual"} ) session.add(doc) session.commit()

Query

from sqlalchemy import select from pgvector.sqlalchemy import cosine_distance

results = session.execute( select(Document) .order_by(cosine_distance(Document.embedding, query_embedding)) .limit(10) ).scalars().all() ```

RAG Implementation

```python class RAGService: def init(self, vector_store, llm_client): self.vector_store = vector_store self.llm = llm_client

async def query(self, question: str, top_k: int = 5) -> str:
    # 1. Generate query embedding
    query_embedding = await self.get_embedding(question)

    # 2. Retrieve relevant documents
    docs = await self.vector_store.search(
        embedding=query_embedding,
        top_k=top_k
    )

    # 3. Build context
    context = "\n\n".join([
        f"Document {i+1}:\n{doc.content}"
        for i, doc in enumerate(docs)
    ])

    # 4. Generate response
    prompt = f"""Answer the question based on the following context.

Context: {context}

Question: {question}

Answer:"""

    response = await self.llm.generate(prompt)
    return response

async def add_document(self, content: str, metadata: dict = None):
    # Chunk document
    chunks = self.chunk_text(content)

    # Generate embeddings
    embeddings = await self.get_batch_embeddings(chunks)

    # Store
    for i, (chunk, embedding) in enumerate(zip(chunks, embeddings)):
        await self.vector_store.upsert(
            id=f"{metadata.get('doc_id', 'doc')}-{i}",
            embedding=embedding,
            content=chunk,
            metadata=metadata
        )

def chunk_text(self, text: str, chunk_size: int = 1000, overlap: int = 200) -> list[str]:
    chunks = []
    start = 0
    while start < len(text):
        end = start + chunk_size
        chunk = text[start:end]
        chunks.append(chunk)
        start += chunk_size - overlap
    return chunks

```

Best Practices

1. Choose appropriate index type (HNSW for recall, IVFFlat for scale)
2. Chunk documents appropriately (typically 500-1000 tokens)
3. Include overlap between chunks (10-20%)
4. Store metadata for filtering
5. Use namespaces/collections to organize data
6. Monitor query latency and index performance
7. Batch operations for bulk inserts