Eks

Core Concepts

Control Plane

Managed by AWS. Runs Kubernetes API server, etcd, and controllers across multiple AZs.

Node Groups

IRSA (IAM Roles for Service Accounts)

Associates Kubernetes service accounts with IAM roles for fine-grained AWS permissions.

Add-ons

Operational software: CoreDNS, kube-proxy, VPC CNI, EBS CSI driver.

Common Patterns

Create a Cluster

AWS CLI:

# Create cluster role
aws iam create-role \
  --role-name eks-cluster-role \
  --assume-role-policy-document '{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [{
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {"Service": "eks.amazonaws.com"},
      "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
    }]
  }'

aws iam attach-role-policy \
  --role-name eks-cluster-role \
  --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonEKSClusterPolicy

# Create cluster
aws eks create-cluster \
  --name my-cluster \
  --role-arn arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/eks-cluster-role \
  --resources-vpc-config subnetIds=subnet-12345678,subnet-87654321,securityGroupIds=sg-12345678

# Wait for cluster
aws eks wait cluster-active --name my-cluster

# Update kubeconfig
aws eks update-kubeconfig --name my-cluster --region us-east-1

eksctl (Recommended):

# Create cluster with managed node group
eksctl create cluster \
  --name my-cluster \
  --region us-east-1 \
  --version 1.29 \
  --nodegroup-name standard-workers \
  --node-type t3.medium \
  --nodes 3 \
  --nodes-min 1 \
  --nodes-max 5 \
  --managed

Add Managed Node Group

# Create node role
aws iam create-role \
  --role-name eks-node-role \
  --assume-role-policy-document '{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [{
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {"Service": "ec2.amazonaws.com"},
      "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
    }]
  }'

aws iam attach-role-policy --role-name eks-node-role --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonEKSWorkerNodePolicy
aws iam attach-role-policy --role-name eks-node-role --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonEC2ContainerRegistryReadOnly
aws iam attach-role-policy --role-name eks-node-role --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonEKS_CNI_Policy

# Create node group
aws eks create-nodegroup \
  --cluster-name my-cluster \
  --nodegroup-name standard-workers \
  --node-role arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/eks-node-role \
  --subnets subnet-12345678 subnet-87654321 \
  --instance-types t3.medium \
  --scaling-config minSize=1,maxSize=5,desiredSize=3 \
  --ami-type AL2_x86_64

Configure IRSA

# Enable OIDC provider
eksctl utils associate-iam-oidc-provider \
  --cluster my-cluster \
  --approve

# Create IAM role for service account
eksctl create iamserviceaccount \
  --cluster my-cluster \
  --namespace default \
  --name my-app-sa \
  --attach-policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonS3ReadOnlyAccess \
  --approve

Manual IRSA setup:

# Get OIDC issuer
OIDC_ISSUER=$(aws eks describe-cluster --name my-cluster --query "cluster.identity.oidc.issuer" --output text)
OIDC_ID=${OIDC_ISSUER##*/}

# Create trust policy
cat > trust-policy.json << EOF
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [{
    "Effect": "Allow",
    "Principal": {
      "Federated": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:oidc-provider/oidc.eks.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/id/${OIDC_ID}"
    },
    "Action": "sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity",
    "Condition": {
      "StringEquals": {
        "oidc.eks.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/id/${OIDC_ID}:sub": "system:serviceaccount:default:my-app-sa",
        "oidc.eks.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/id/${OIDC_ID}:aud": "sts.amazonaws.com"
      }
    }
  }]
}
EOF

aws iam create-role --role-name my-app-role --assume-role-policy-document file://trust-policy.json

Kubernetes Service Account

apiVersion: v1