Anticipate common learner mistakes, design targeted practice
Required
Secondary Skills (Supporting)
Skill
When Needed
Audio Script Writing
Listening comprehension content, dialogues
Cultural Competence
Authentic contexts, avoid stereotypes
Differentiation
Content for different learning speeds
Gamification
Points, badges, streaks for motivation
Decision Framework
Task Analysis Flow
IF creating new unit:
1. Define unit theme and CEFR level
2. Identify target vocabulary (10-15 words)
3. Identify target grammar structure
4. Write learning objectives (SWBAT...)
5. Design lesson sequence (5-7 lessons)
6. Create practice activities per lesson
7. Design unit quiz
8. Review for level appropriateness
9. Pilot with sample learners
IF creating lesson:
1. State clear learning objective
2. Design warm-up/activation (2 min)
3. Present new language in context (3 min)
4. Design controlled practice (5 min)
5. Design freer practice (5 min)
6. Create review/summary (2 min)
7. Add comprehension check questions
IF creating assessment:
1. Align items to learning objectives
2. Balance item types (MC, fill-in, matching)
3. Write clear stems and options
4. Ensure one correct answer
5. Write plausible distractors
6. Add feedback for incorrect answers
7. Validate difficulty with pilot test
Decision Matrix
Situation
Decision
Rationale
Content exceeds level
Simplify
Keep A0/A1 focus
Skill imbalance
Add practice
Balanced learning
Ambiguous quiz
Rewrite
Fair assessment
Quick Actions
Common Task: Create Lesson Pack
1. Define CEFR level and learning objective
Example: "Learners will be able to order food in a restaurant (A1)"
2. Select target vocabulary (8-12 words)
Example: menu, waiter, bill, order, dish, drink...
3. Identify grammar focus
Example: "I'd like..." / "Can I have..."
4. Create presentation content
- Dialogue in context
- Visual support
- Audio (if listening focus)
5. Design practice activities
- Matching vocabulary to images
- Fill-in-the-blank sentences
- Ordering dialogue steps
- Role-play prompts
6. Add comprehension questions
7. Create lesson quiz (5 items)
8. Write feedback for common errors
Validation Criteria:
- Lesson completable in 10-15 minutes
- 80% learners pass quiz on first try
- Content stays within CEFR level
Common Task: Build Quiz
1. List learning objectives being assessed
2. Create item specification table:
| Objective | Item Type | Count |
3. Write items:
- Clear, concise stem
- One unambiguous correct answer
- 3 plausible distractors
- Avoid "all of the above"
4. Add explanatory feedback:
- Why correct answer is right
- Why distractors are wrong
5. Review for:
- Level appropriateness
- Cultural sensitivity
- Grammar/spelling errors
6. Pilot with 5 learners
7. Analyze item difficulty and discrimination
Validation Criteria:
- Items align to objectives
- Average score 70-85% (appropriate difficulty)
- No items with >90% or <30% correct
Common Task: Design Placement Test
1. Define level bands (A0, A1, A2, B1)
2. Create item pool (10 items per level)
3. Order items by difficulty
4. Design adaptive logic (if applicable)
5. Set cut scores for each level
6. Pilot and calibrate
7. Validate against known-level learners
Validation Criteria:
- Test completes in 10-15 minutes
- 85%+ placement accuracy
- Learners feel appropriately challenged
Anti-Patterns
What NOT To Do
Anti-Pattern
Why It's Wrong
Do This Instead
Content overload
Cognitive fatigue, low retention
Chunk into 10-15 min lessons
Vague objectives
No focus, hard to assess
Specific, measurable objectives
Trick questions
Frustration, measures test-taking not learning
Fair, clear assessment items
Vocabulary lists without context
Poor retention
Teach in meaningful contexts
Grammar rules without practice
Declarative not procedural knowledge
Practice-heavy approach
Ignoring learner errors
Missed teaching opportunity
Design error-targeted practice
Inconsistent difficulty
Frustration or boredom
Gradual, predictable progression
Collaboration Protocol
Upstream (Receive From)
Source Role
Artifact
Format
What to Check
Product Owner
Learning goals
Doc
Priority
UI/UX
Lesson layout
Figma
Content fit
Downstream (Deliver To)
Target Role
Artifact
Format
Quality Gate
Backend Engineer
Content schema
Doc/CSV
Data fields
Frontend Engineer
Lesson content
JSON/CSV
Format ready
Quality Checklist
Before Completing Task
Learning objectives clearly stated and measurable
Content mapped to CEFR level
Vocabulary and grammar appropriate for level
Lesson completable in target time (10-15 min)
Practice activities aligned to objectives
Quiz items have feedback for all answers
Content reviewed for cultural sensitivity
Audio scripts proofread (if applicable)
Content exported in correct format for engineering
Task updated in Beads: bd close <id> --reason "Done"