Shopify Products

Step 2: Choose Method

Step 3a: Create via GraphQL (Recommended)

productCreate

mutation productCreate($product: ProductCreateInput!) {
  productCreate(product: $product) {
    product {
      id
      title
      handle
      status
      variants(first: 100) {
        edges {
          node { id title price sku inventoryQuantity }
        }
      }
    }
    userErrors { field message }
  }
}

Variables:

{
  "product": {
    "title": "Example T-Shirt",
    "descriptionHtml": "<p>Premium cotton tee</p>",
    "vendor": "My Brand",
    "productType": "T-Shirts",
    "tags": ["summer", "cotton"],
    "status": "DRAFT",
    "options": ["Size", "Colour"],
    "variants": [
      {
        "optionValues": [
          {"optionName": "Size", "name": "S"},
          {"optionName": "Colour", "name": "Black"}
        ],
        "price": "29.95",
        "sku": "TSHIRT-S-BLK",
        "inventoryPolicy": "DENY",
        "inventoryItem": { "tracked": true }
      },
      {
        "optionValues": [
          {"optionName": "Size", "name": "M"},
          {"optionName": "Colour", "name": "Black"}
        ],
        "price": "29.95",
        "sku": "TSHIRT-M-BLK"
      },
      {
        "optionValues": [
          {"optionName": "Size", "name": "L"},
          {"optionName": "Colour", "name": "Black"}
        ],
        "price": "29.95",
        "sku": "TSHIRT-L-BLK"
      }
    ],
    "seo": {
      "title": "Example T-Shirt | My Brand",
      "description": "Premium cotton tee in multiple sizes"
    }
  }
}

Curl example:

curl -s https://{store}/admin/api/2025-01/graphql.json \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "X-Shopify-Access-Token: {token}" \
  -d '{"query": "mutation productCreate($product: ProductCreateInput!) { productCreate(product: $product) { product { id title } userErrors { field message } } }", "variables": { ... }}'

Batching multiple products: Create products sequentially with a short delay between each to respect rate limits (1,000 cost points/second).

productUpdate

mutation productUpdate($input: ProductInput!) {
  productUpdate(input: $input) {
    product { id title }
    userErrors { field message }
  }
}

Variables include id (required) plus any fields to update.

productDelete

mutation productDelete($input: ProductDeleteInput!) {
  productDelete(input: $input) {
    deletedProductId
    userErrors { field message }
  }
}

productVariantsBulkCreate

Add variants to an existing product:

mutation productVariantsBulkCreate($productId: ID!, $variants: [ProductVariantsBulkInput!]!) {
  productVariantsBulkCreate(productId: $productId, variants: $variants) {
    productVariants { id title price }
    userErrors { field message }
  }
}

productVariantsBulkUpdate

mutation productVariantsBulkUpdate($productId: ID!, $variants: [ProductVariantsBulkInput!]!) {
  productVariantsBulkUpdate(productId: $productId, variants: $variants) {
    productVariants { id title price }
    userErrors { field message }
  }
}

Step 3b: Bulk Import via CSV

For 20+ products, generate a CSV and import through Shopify admin.

CSV Column Reference

Required columns:

Variant columns:

Image columns:

SEO columns:

Multi-Variant Row Format

The first row has the product title and details. Subsequent rows for the same product have only the Handle and variant-specific columns:

Handle,Title,Body (HTML),Vendor,Type,Tags,Published,Option1 Name,Option1 Value,Variant SKU,Variant Price,Variant Inventory Qty,Image Src
classic-tshirt,Classic T-Shirt,<p>Premium cotton</p>,My Brand,T-Shirts,"summer,cotton",TRUE,Size,Small,TSH-S,29.95,50,https://example.com/tshirt.jpg
classic-tshirt,,,,,,,,Medium,TSH-M,29.95,75,
classic-tshirt,,,,,,,,Large,TSH-L,29.95,60,

CSV Rules

• UTF-8 encoding required
• Maximum 50MB file size
• Handle must be unique per product -- duplicate handles update existing products
• Leave variant columns blank on variant rows for fields that don't change
• Images can be on any row -- they're associated by Handle
• Published = TRUE makes the product immediately visible

Import Steps

1. Generate CSV using the column format above
2. Use the template from assets/product-csv-template.csv if available
3. Navigate to https://{store}.myshopify.com/admin/products/import
4. Upload the CSV file
5. Review the preview and confirm import

Use browser automation to assist with the upload if needed.

Step 4: Upload Product Images

Images require a two-step process -- staged upload then attach.

stagedUploadsCreate

mutation stagedUploadsCreate($input: [StagedUploadInput!]!) {
  stagedUploadsCreate(input: $input) {
    stagedTargets {
      url
      resourceUrl
      parameters { name value }
    }
    userErrors { field message }
  }
}

Input per file:

{
  "filename": "product-image.jpg",
  "mimeType": "image/jpeg",
  "httpMethod": "POST",
  "resource": "IMAGE"
}

Then upload to the staged URL, and attach with productCreateMedia:

productCreateMedia

mutation productCreateMedia($productId: ID!, $media: [CreateMediaInput!]!) {
  productCreateMedia(productId: $productId, media: $media) {
    media { alt status }
    mediaUserErrors { field message }
  }
}

Shortcut: If images are already hosted at a public URL, pass src directly in the product creation:

{
  "images": [
    { "src": "https://example.com/image.jpg", "alt": "Product front view" }
  ]
}

Step 5: Assign to Collections

collectionAddProducts

mutation collectionAddProducts($id: ID!, $productIds: [ID!]!) {
  collectionAddProducts(id: $id, productIds: $productIds) {
    collection { title productsCount }
    userErrors { field message }
  }
}

To find collection IDs:

{
  collections(first: 50) {
    edges {
      node { id title handle productsCount }
    }
  }
}

Step 6: Set Inventory

inventorySetQuantities

mutation inventorySetQuantities($input: InventorySetQuantitiesInput!) {
  inventorySetQuantities(input: $input) {
    inventoryAdjustmentGroup { reason }
    userErrors { field message }
  }
}

Input:

{
  "reason": "correction",
  "name": "available",
  "quantities": [{
    "inventoryItemId": "gid://shopify/InventoryItem/123",
    "locationId": "gid://shopify/Location/456",
    "quantity": 50
  }]
}

To find location IDs:

{
  locations(first: 10) {
    edges {
      node { id name isActive }
    }
  }
}

Step 7: Verify

Query back the created products to confirm:

{
  products(first: 50) {
    edges {
      node {
        id title handle status productType vendor
        variants(first: 10) {
          edges { node { id title price sku inventoryQuantity } }
        }
        images(first: 3) { edges { node { url altText } } }
      }
    }
    pageInfo { hasNextPage endCursor }
  }
}

Provide the admin URL for the user to review: https://{store}.myshopify.com/admin/products

Critical Patterns

Product Status

New products default to DRAFT. To make them visible:

{ "status": "ACTIVE" }

Always confirm with the user before setting status to ACTIVE.

Variant Limits

Shopify allows max 100 variants per product and 3 options (e.g. Size, Colour, Material). If you need more, split into separate products.

Price Formatting

Prices are strings, not numbers. Always quote them: "price": "29.95" not "price": 29.95.

HTML Descriptions

Product descriptions accept HTML. Keep it simple -- Shopify's editor handles basic tags:

• <p>, <strong>, <em>, <ul>, <ol>, <li>, <h2>-<h6>
• <a href="..."> for links
• <img> is stripped -- use product images instead

Bulk Operations for Large Imports

For 50+ products via API, use Shopify's bulk operation:

mutation {
  bulkOperationRunMutation(
    mutation: "mutation ($input: ProductInput!) { productCreate(input: $input) { product { id } userErrors { message } } }"
    stagedUploadPath: "tmp/bulk-products.jsonl"
  ) {
    bulkOperation { id status }
    userErrors { message }
  }
}

This accepts a JSONL file with one product per line, processed asynchronously.

Asset Files

• assets/product-csv-template.csv -- Blank CSV template with Shopify import headers