Biomedical engineering principles and applications
import numpy as np
from scipy import signal
# ECG processing example
def filter_ecg(raw_signal, fs=1000):
# Remove powerline interference
b, a = signal.iirnotch(60, 30, fs)
filtered = signal.filtfilt(b, a, raw_signal)
# Bandpass filter for QRS detection
low, high = 5, 15
b, a = signal.butter(4, [low, high], btype='bandpass', fs=fs)
return signal.filtfilt(b, a, filtered)
# Heart rate calculation
def calculate_bpm(rr_intervals):
return 60000 / np.mean(rr_intervals)
| Modality | Principle | Applications |
|---|---|---|
| X-ray | X-ray attenuation | Bone, chest imaging |
| CT | X-ray tomography | 3D anatomy |
| MRI | Nuclear magnetic resonance | Soft tissue imaging |
| Ultrasound | Echo reflection | Obstetrics, cardiology |
| PET | Radioactive decay | Functional imaging |
# Joint torque calculation
def calculate_joint_torque(force, moment_arm):
return force * moment_arm
# Impact analysis
def impact_force(mass, velocity, contact_time):
impulse = mass * velocity
return impulse / contact_time
# Biocompatibility testing parameters
BIOCOMPATIBILITY_TESTS = [
"Cytotoxicity",
"Sensitization",
"Irritation",
"Systemic toxicity",
"Implantation"
]
# Material selection criteria
def select_implant_material(requirements):
candidates = {
"titanium": {"biocompatible": True, "strength": "high"},
"stainless_steel": {"biocompatible": True, "strength": "medium"},
"peek": {"biocompatible": True, "strength": "medium"},
"hydroxyapatite": {"biocompatible": True, "strength": "low"}
}
return [m for m, p in candidates.items()
if all(p[k] == requirements.get(k) for k in p)]