Strategic Management Guide

# VRIO analysis scoring framework
def vrio_analysis(resources: list[dict]) -> dict:
    results = {}
    for r in resources:
        name = r['name']
        v, r_score, i, o = r['valuable'], r['rare'], r['inimitable'], r['organized']
        if not v:
            results[name] = 'competitive_disadvantage'
        elif not r_score:
            results[name] = 'competitive_parity'
        elif not i:
            results[name] = 'temporary_advantage'
        elif not o:
            results[name] = 'unrealized_advantage'
        else:
            results[name] = 'sustained_advantage'
    return results

# Example usage
resources = [
    {'name': 'proprietary_algorithm', 'valuable': True, 'rare': True, 'inimitable': True, 'organized': True},
    {'name': 'office_space', 'valuable': True, 'rare': False, 'inimitable': False, 'organized': True},
]
print(vrio_analysis(resources))
# {'proprietary_algorithm': 'sustained_advantage', 'office_space': 'competitive_parity'}

Strategic Planning Process

A structured approach to strategy formulation for research purposes:

Phase 1: Environmental Scanning

• External analysis: PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, Legal)
• Industry analysis: Porter's Five Forces with quantified metrics
• Stakeholder mapping: Power-interest matrix to prioritize engagement

Phase 2: Strategy Formulation

Apply Ansoff's Growth Matrix to map strategic options:

                Existing Products    New Products
Existing Markets  Market Penetration   Product Development
New Markets       Market Development   Diversification

For academic research, operationalize each quadrant with measurable indicators: market share growth rate, R&D investment ratio, geographic expansion metrics, and portfolio diversification index.

Phase 3: Strategy Evaluation

Use the SAFe criteria (Johnson, Whittington & Scholes):

1. Suitability -- Does the strategy address key strategic issues?
2. Acceptability -- Risk, return, and stakeholder reactions
3. Feasibility -- Resources, capabilities, and timeline

Balanced Scorecard Implementation

Translate strategy into measurable objectives across four perspectives: