Solana Domain Knowledge

Signing & Wallets

• Private keys never leave the wallet (Phantom, Solflare, etc.)
• The AI agent never signs transactions — only provides unsigned serialized transactions
• Users sign via Phantom wallet SDK after reviewing transaction details
• signAndSendTransaction is called on the wallet, not the agent

SOL & Lamports

• 1 SOL = 1,000,000,000 lamports
• SOL is the native currency of Solana
• Transfer: use SystemProgram.transfer({ fromPubkey, toPubkey, lamports })
• Always check balance before sending: need amount + fee lamports

Tokens (SPL Token)

• SPL Token is the standard for fungible tokens on Solana
• Each token has a Mint account (defines supply, decimals, authority)
• Each user has an Associated Token Account (ATA) per token mint
• Common tokens:
  • SOL (native): So11111111111111111111111111111111111111112
  • USDC: EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v
  • USDT: Es9vMFrzaCERmJfrF4H2FYD4KCoNkY11McCe8BenwNYB

NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens)

• NFTs on Solana use Token Metadata Program (Metaplex): metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s
• An NFT is an SPL Token with supply = 1, decimals = 0
• Metadata includes: name, symbol, URI (pointing to JSON metadata), royalty (basis points)
• DAS API (Digital Asset Standard) is used to query NFT ownership via getAssetsByOwner
• Metaplex NFT URI example: https://arweave.net/<hash> or https://ipfs.io/ipfs/<hash>
• Royalty: sellerFeeBasisPoints = 500 means 5% (500 / 10000)

DeFi — Jupiter Swap

• Jupiter is the main DEX aggregator on Solana
• API v6: https://quote-api.jup.ag/v6/
  • GET /quote — get swap quote
  • POST /swap — get swap transaction
• slippageBps: slippage tolerance in basis points (50 = 0.5%)
• Returns a serialized transaction that the user signs

Programs (Smart Contracts)

• Solana programs are stateless, immutable once deployed
• State is stored in accounts owned by the program
• PDA (Program Derived Address): deterministic address from seeds + program ID
• Common programs:
  • System Program: 11111111111111111111111111111111
  • Token Program: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA
  • Metaplex Token Metadata: metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s

DevNet

• Solana DevNet is the development network — no real value
• DevNet RPC: https://api.devnet.solana.com
• Airdrop: up to 2 SOL per request on DevNet (free)
  • CLI: solana airdrop 2 <address> --url devnet
  • RPC: connection.requestAirdrop(publicKey, lamports)
• DevNet resets periodically; account data may be lost
• Solana Explorer (DevNet): https://explorer.solana.com/?cluster=devnet

Error Codes

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