Minecraft Modpack Server

Use sensible defaults if the user doesn't care, but always ask before generating the config.

Steps

1. Download & Inspect the Pack

mkdir -p ~/minecraft-server
cd ~/minecraft-server
wget -O serverpack.zip "<URL>"
unzip -o serverpack.zip -d server
ls server/

Look for: startserver.sh, installer jar (neoforge/forge), user_jvm_args.txt, mods/ folder. Check the script to determine: mod loader type, version, and required Java version.

2. Install Java

• Minecraft 1.21+ → Java 21: sudo apt install openjdk-21-jre-headless
• Minecraft 1.18-1.20 → Java 17: sudo apt install openjdk-17-jre-headless
• Minecraft 1.16 and below → Java 8: sudo apt install openjdk-8-jre-headless
• Verify: java -version

3. Install the Mod Loader

Most server packs include an install script. Use the INSTALL_ONLY env var to install without launching:

cd ~/minecraft-server/server
ATM10_INSTALL_ONLY=true bash startserver.sh
# Or for generic Forge packs:
# java -jar forge-*-installer.jar --installServer

This downloads libraries, patches the server jar, etc.

4. Accept EULA

echo "eula=true" > ~/minecraft-server/server/eula.txt

5. Configure server.properties

Key settings for modded/LAN:

motd=\u00a7b\u00a7lServer Name \u00a7r\u00a78| \u00a7aModpack Name
server-port=25565
online-mode=true          # false for LAN without Mojang auth
enforce-secure-profile=true  # match online-mode
difficulty=hard            # most modpacks balance around hard
allow-flight=true          # REQUIRED for modded (flying mounts/items)
spawn-protection=0         # let everyone build at spawn
max-tick-time=180000       # modded needs longer tick timeout
enable-command-block=true

Performance settings (scale to hardware):

# 2 players, beefy machine:
view-distance=16
simulation-distance=10

# 4-6 players, moderate machine:
view-distance=10
simulation-distance=6

# 8+ players or weaker hardware:
view-distance=8
simulation-distance=4

6. Tune JVM Args (user_jvm_args.txt)

Scale RAM to player count and mod count. Rule of thumb for modded:

• 100-200 mods: 6-12GB
• 200-350+ mods: 12-24GB
• Leave at least 8GB free for the OS/other tasks

-Xms12G
-Xmx24G
-XX:+UseG1GC
-XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled
-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200
-XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions
-XX:+DisableExplicitGC
-XX:+AlwaysPreTouch
-XX:G1NewSizePercent=30
-XX:G1MaxNewSizePercent=40
-XX:G1HeapRegionSize=8M
-XX:G1ReservePercent=20
-XX:G1HeapWastePercent=5
-XX:G1MixedGCCountTarget=4
-XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=15
-XX:G1MixedGCLiveThresholdPercent=90
-XX:G1RSetUpdatingPauseTimePercent=5
-XX:SurvivorRatio=32
-XX:+PerfDisableSharedMem
-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=1

7. Open Firewall

sudo ufw allow 25565/tcp comment "Minecraft Server"

Check with: sudo ufw status | grep 25565

8. Create Launch Script

cat > ~/start-minecraft.sh << 'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
cd ~/minecraft-server/server
java @user_jvm_args.txt @libraries/net/neoforged/neoforge/<VERSION>/unix_args.txt nogui
EOF
chmod +x ~/start-minecraft.sh

Note: For Forge (not NeoForge), the args file path differs. Check startserver.sh for the exact path.

9. Set Up Automated Backups

Create backup script:

cat > ~/minecraft-server/backup.sh << 'SCRIPT'
#!/bin/bash
SERVER_DIR="$HOME/minecraft-server/server"
BACKUP_DIR="$HOME/minecraft-server/backups"
WORLD_DIR="$SERVER_DIR/world"
MAX_BACKUPS=24
mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"
[ ! -d "$WORLD_DIR" ] && echo "[BACKUP] No world folder" && exit 0
TIMESTAMP=$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S)
BACKUP_FILE="$BACKUP_DIR/world_${TIMESTAMP}.tar.gz"
echo "[BACKUP] Starting at $(date)"
tar -czf "$BACKUP_FILE" -C "$SERVER_DIR" world
SIZE=$(du -h "$BACKUP_FILE" | cut -f1)
echo "[BACKUP] Saved: $BACKUP_FILE ($SIZE)"
BACKUP_COUNT=$(ls -1t "$BACKUP_DIR"/world_*.tar.gz 2>/dev/null | wc -l)
if [ "$BACKUP_COUNT" -gt "$MAX_BACKUPS" ]; then
    REMOVE=$((BACKUP_COUNT - MAX_BACKUPS))
    ls -1t "$BACKUP_DIR"/world_*.tar.gz | tail -n "$REMOVE" | xargs rm -f
    echo "[BACKUP] Pruned $REMOVE old backup(s)"
fi
echo "[BACKUP] Done at $(date)"
SCRIPT
chmod +x ~/minecraft-server/backup.sh

Add hourly cron:

(crontab -l 2>/dev/null | grep -v "minecraft/backup.sh"; echo "0 * * * * $HOME/minecraft-server/backup.sh >> $HOME/minecraft-server/backups/backup.log 2>&1") | crontab -

Pitfalls

• ALWAYS set allow-flight=true for modded — mods with jetpacks/flight will kick players otherwise
• max-tick-time=180000 or higher — modded servers often have long ticks during worldgen
• First startup is SLOW (several minutes for big packs) — don't panic
• "Can't keep up!" warnings on first launch are normal, settles after initial chunk gen
• If online-mode=false, set enforce-secure-profile=false too or clients get rejected
• The pack's startserver.sh often has an auto-restart loop — make a clean launch script without it
• Delete the world/ folder to regenerate with a new seed
• Some packs have env vars to control behavior (e.g., ATM10 uses ATM10_JAVA, ATM10_RESTART, ATM10_INSTALL_ONLY)

Verification

• pgrep -fa neoforge or pgrep -fa minecraft to check if running
• Check logs: tail -f ~/minecraft-server/server/logs/latest.log
• Look for "Done (Xs)!" in the log = server is ready
• Test connection: player adds server IP in Multiplayer