Axiom Modernize

Modernization Patterns (iOS 17+ / iOS 18+)

Pattern 1: ObservableObject → @Observable (HIGH)

Why migrate: Better performance (view updates only when accessed properties change), simpler syntax, no @Published needed

Requirement: iOS 17+

Detection:

Grep: class.*ObservableObject
Grep: : ObservableObject
Grep: @Published

// ❌ LEGACY (iOS 14-16)
class ContentViewModel: ObservableObject {
    @Published var items: [Item] = []
    @Published var isLoading = false
    @Published var errorMessage: String?
}

// ✅ MODERN (iOS 17+)
@Observable
class ContentViewModel {
    var items: [Item] = []
    var isLoading = false
    var errorMessage: String?

    // Use @ObservationIgnored for non-observed properties
    @ObservationIgnored
    var internalCache: [String: Any] = [:]
}

Migration steps:

1. Replace : ObservableObject with @Observable macro
2. Remove all @Published property wrappers
3. Add @ObservationIgnored to properties that shouldn't trigger updates
4. Update consuming views (see patterns below)

Pattern 2: @StateObject → @State (HIGH)

Why migrate: Simpler, consistent with value types, works with @Observable

Requirement: iOS 17+ with @Observable model

Detection:

Grep: @StateObject

// ❌ LEGACY
struct ContentView: View {
    @StateObject private var viewModel = ContentViewModel()

    var body: some View { ... }
}

// ✅ MODERN (with @Observable model)
struct ContentView: View {
    @State private var viewModel = ContentViewModel()

    var body: some View { ... }
}

Note: Only migrate after the model uses @Observable. If model still uses ObservableObject, keep @StateObject.

Pattern 3: @ObservedObject → Direct Property or @Bindable (HIGH)

Why migrate: Simpler code, explicit binding when needed

Requirement: iOS 17+ with @Observable model

Detection:

Grep: @ObservedObject

// ❌ LEGACY
struct ItemView: View {
    @ObservedObject var item: ItemModel

    var body: some View {
        Text(item.name)
    }
}

// ✅ MODERN - Direct property (read-only access)
struct ItemView: View {
    var item: ItemModel  // No wrapper needed!

    var body: some View {
        Text(item.name)
    }
}

// ✅ MODERN - @Bindable (for two-way binding)
struct ItemEditorView: View {
    @Bindable var item: ItemModel

    var body: some View {
        TextField("Name", text: $item.name)  // Binding works
    }
}

Decision tree:

• Need binding ($item.property)? → Use @Bindable
• Just reading properties? → Use plain property (no wrapper)

Pattern 4: @EnvironmentObject → @Environment (HIGH)

Why migrate: Type-safe, works with @Observable

Requirement: iOS 17+ with @Observable model

Detection:

Grep: @EnvironmentObject
Grep: \.environmentObject\(

// ❌ LEGACY - Setting
ContentView()
    .environmentObject(settings)

// ❌ LEGACY - Reading
struct SettingsView: View {
    @EnvironmentObject var settings: AppSettings

    var body: some View { ... }
}

// ✅ MODERN - Setting
ContentView()
    .environment(settings)

// ✅ MODERN - Reading
struct SettingsView: View {
    @Environment(AppSettings.self) var settings

    var body: some View { ... }
}

// ✅ MODERN - With binding
struct SettingsEditorView: View {
    @Environment(AppSettings.self) var settings

    var body: some View {
        @Bindable var settings = settings
        Toggle("Dark Mode", isOn: $settings.darkMode)
    }
}

Pattern 5: onChange(of:perform:) → onChange(of:initial:_:) (MEDIUM)

Why migrate: Deprecated modifier, new API has initial parameter

Requirement: iOS 17+

Detection:

Grep: \.onChange\(of:.*perform:

// ❌ DEPRECATED
.onChange(of: searchText) { newValue in
    performSearch(newValue)
}

// ✅ MODERN (iOS 17+)
.onChange(of: searchText) { oldValue, newValue in
    performSearch(newValue)
}

// ✅ With initial execution
.onChange(of: searchText, initial: true) { oldValue, newValue in
    performSearch(newValue)
}

Pattern 6: Completion Handlers → async/await (MEDIUM)

Why migrate: Cleaner code, better error handling, structured concurrency

Requirement: iOS 15+ (widely adopted in iOS 17+)

Detection:

Grep: completion:\s*@escaping
Grep: completionHandler:
Grep: DispatchQueue\.main\.async

// ❌ LEGACY
func fetchUser(id: String, completion: @escaping (Result<User, Error>) -> Void) {
    URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { data, response, error in
        DispatchQueue.main.async {
            if let error = error {
                completion(.failure(error))
                return
            }
            // Parse and return
            completion(.success(user))
        }
    }.resume()
}

// ✅ MODERN
func fetchUser(id: String) async throws -> User {
    let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)
    return try JSONDecoder().decode(User.self, from: data)
}

Pattern 7: withAnimation Closures → Animation Parameter (LOW)

Why migrate: Cleaner API, avoids closure

Requirement: iOS 17+

Detection:

Grep: withAnimation.*\{

// ❌ LEGACY
withAnimation(.spring()) {
    isExpanded.toggle()
}

// ✅ MODERN (simple cases)
isExpanded.toggle()
// Apply animation to view:
.animation(.spring(), value: isExpanded)

// Or use new binding animation:
$isExpanded.animation(.spring()).wrappedValue.toggle()

Pattern 8: Swift Language Modernization (LOW)

Why migrate: Clearer, more efficient, modern Swift idioms

Detection:

Grep: Date\(\)
Grep: CGFloat
Grep: replacingOccurrences
Grep: DateFormatter\(\)
Grep: \.filter\(.*\)\.count
Grep: Task\.sleep\(nanoseconds:

Reference: See axiom-swift (skills/swift-modern.md) skill for the full modern API replacement table.

Report matches as LOW priority unless they appear in hot paths (then MEDIUM).

Audit Process

Step 1: Find Swift Files

Glob: **/*.swift

Step 2: Detect Legacy Patterns

ObservableObject:

Grep: ObservableObject
Grep: @Published

Property Wrappers:

Grep: @StateObject|@ObservedObject|@EnvironmentObject

Deprecated Modifiers:

Grep: onChange\(of:.*perform:

Completion Handlers:

Grep: completion:\s*@escaping
Grep: completionHandler:

Step 3: Categorize by Priority

HIGH Priority (significant benefits):

• ObservableObject → @Observable
• Property wrapper migrations

MEDIUM Priority (code quality):

• Deprecated modifiers
• async/await adoption

LOW Priority (minor improvements):

• Animation syntax
• Minor API updates

Output Format

# Modernization Analysis Results

## Summary
- **HIGH Priority**: [count] (Significant performance/maintainability gains)
- **MEDIUM Priority**: [count] (Deprecated APIs, code quality)
- **LOW Priority**: [count] (Minor improvements)

## Minimum Deployment Target Impact
- Current patterns support: iOS 14+
- After full modernization: iOS 17+

## HIGH Priority Migrations

### ObservableObject → @Observable

**Files affected**: 5
**Estimated effort**: 2-3 hours

#### Models to Migrate

1. `Models/ContentViewModel.swift:12`
   ```swift
   // Current
   class ContentViewModel: ObservableObject {
       @Published var items: [Item] = []
       @Published var isLoading = false
   }

   // Migrated
   @Observable
   class ContentViewModel {
       var items: [Item] = []
       var isLoading = false
   }

2. Models/UserSettings.swift:8 [Similar migration...]

Views to Update After Model Migration

@EnvironmentObject → @Environment

• Views/RootView.swift:45

  // Current
  .environmentObject(settings)
  
  // Migrated
  .environment(settings)
  

• Views/SettingsView.swift:12

  // Current
  @EnvironmentObject var settings: AppSettings
  
  // Migrated
  @Environment(AppSettings.self) var settings
  

MEDIUM Priority Migrations

Deprecated onChange Modifier

• Views/SearchView.swift:34

  // Deprecated
  .onChange(of: query) { newValue in
      search(newValue)
  }
  
  // Modern
  .onChange(of: query) { oldValue, newValue in
      search(newValue)
  }
  

async/await Opportunities

• Services/NetworkService.swift - 3 completion handler methods
  • fetchUser(completion:) → fetchUser() async throws
  • fetchItems(completion:) → fetchItems() async throws
  • uploadData(completion:) → uploadData() async throws

Migration Order

1. First: Migrate models to @Observable

   • All ObservableObject → @Observable
   • Remove all @Published

2. Second: Update view property wrappers

   • @StateObject → @State (for owned models)
   • @ObservedObject → plain or @Bindable
   • @EnvironmentObject → @Environment

3. Third: Update view modifiers

   • .environmentObject() → .environment()
   • Deprecated onChange syntax

4. Fourth: Adopt async/await (optional, but recommended)

Breaking Changes Warning

⚠️ Deployment Target: Full migration requires iOS 17+

If you need to support iOS 16 or earlier:

• Keep ObservableObject for those models
• Use conditional compilation:

  #if os(iOS) && swift(>=5.9)
  @Observable
  class ViewModel { ... }
  #else
  class ViewModel: ObservableObject { ... }
  #endif
  

Verification

After migration:

1. Build and fix any compiler errors
2. Test view updates (properties should still trigger UI refresh)
3. Test bindings (TextField, Toggle still work)
4. Test environment injection

## When No Migration Needed

```markdown
# Modernization Analysis Results

## Summary
Codebase is already using modern patterns!

## Verified
- ✅ Using `@Observable` macro
- ✅ Using `@State` with Observable models
- ✅ Using `@Environment` for shared state
- ✅ No deprecated modifiers detected

## Optional Improvements
- Consider adopting iOS 18+ features when available
- Review remaining completion handlers for async/await conversion

Decision Flowchart

Is model a class with published properties?
├─ YES: Does it conform to ObservableObject?
│  ├─ YES: Target iOS 17+?
│  │  ├─ YES → Migrate to @Observable
│  │  └─ NO → Keep ObservableObject
│  └─ NO: Already modern or not observable
└─ NO: Check if it's a struct (usually fine)

Is view using @StateObject?
├─ YES: Is the model @Observable?
│  ├─ YES → Change to @State
│  └─ NO → Keep @StateObject until model migrated
└─ NO: Check other wrappers

Is view using @ObservedObject?
├─ YES: Is the model @Observable?
│  ├─ YES: Need binding?
│  │  ├─ YES → Use @Bindable
│  │  └─ NO → Remove wrapper, use plain property
│  └─ NO → Keep @ObservedObject
└─ NO: Already modern

Is view using @EnvironmentObject?
├─ YES: Is the model @Observable?
│  ├─ YES → Change to @Environment(Type.self)
│  └─ NO → Keep @EnvironmentObject
└─ NO: Already modern

False Positives to Avoid

Not issues:

• Third-party SDK types using ObservableObject
• Models that intentionally support iOS 14-16
• Combine publishers (not the same as @Published)
• Already migrated code using @Observable
• Apple protocol families unrelated to Observation — classes conforming to AppIntent, EntityQuery, AppEntity, WidgetConfiguration, TimelineProvider, or other App Intents / WidgetKit protocols are NOT ObservableObject and should not be flagged for @Observable migration

Check before reporting:

• Verify file is in your project, not dependencies
• Check deployment target constraints
• Confirm model is actually used in SwiftUI views
• Confirm the class actually conforms to ObservableObject — do not flag classes just because they are classes