Place And Route

• Identify major functional blocks
• Allocate resources by region
• Consider data flow and connectivity
• Plan for clock distribution
• Reserve space for debug logic

Pblock Constraints

• Define rectangular regions
• Assign hierarchical modules
• Set resource limits per Pblock
• Consider I/O proximity
• Allow flexibility for routing

Congestion Resolution

• Identify congested regions in reports
• Apply SpreadLogic directives
• Adjust Pblock boundaries
• Consider logic restructuring
• Use alternate routing architectures

Physical Optimization

• Enable post-place optimization
• Apply post-route physical optimization
• Use retiming when beneficial
• Consider register replication
• Balance pipeline stages

Incremental Flows

• Lock placed/routed cells
• Use reference checkpoints
• Minimize ECO iterations
• Preserve timing-critical paths
• Update only changed logic

Dependencies

• P&R tool awareness (Vivado, Quartus)
• FPGA architecture knowledge
• Physical constraint syntax