Otel Python

from opentelemetry import trace, metrics
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace import TracerProvider
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import BatchSpanProcessor
from opentelemetry.sdk.metrics import MeterProvider
from opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.export import PeriodicExportingMetricReader
from opentelemetry.sdk.resources import Resource, SERVICE_NAME, SERVICE_VERSION
from opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.proto.grpc.trace_exporter import OTLPSpanExporter
from opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.proto.grpc.metric_exporter import OTLPMetricExporter
from opentelemetry.propagate import set_global_textmap
from opentelemetry.propagators.composite import CompositePropagator
from opentelemetry.trace.propagation.tracecontext import TraceContextTextMapPropagator
from opentelemetry.baggage.propagation import W3CBaggagePropagator

def setup_otel():
    resource = Resource.create({
        SERVICE_NAME: "my-service",
        SERVICE_VERSION: "1.0.0",
        "deployment.environment": "production",
    })

    set_global_textmap(CompositePropagator([
        TraceContextTextMapPropagator(),
        W3CBaggagePropagator(),
    ]))

    # TracerProvider
    trace_exporter = OTLPSpanExporter(endpoint="localhost:4317", insecure=True)
    trace_provider = TracerProvider(resource=resource)
    trace_provider.add_span_processor(BatchSpanProcessor(trace_exporter))
    trace.set_tracer_provider(trace_provider)

    # MeterProvider
    metric_exporter = OTLPMetricExporter(endpoint="localhost:4317", insecure=True)
    metric_reader = PeriodicExportingMetricReader(metric_exporter, export_interval_millis=30000)
    meter_provider = MeterProvider(resource=resource, metric_readers=[metric_reader])
    metrics.set_meter_provider(meter_provider)

    return trace_provider, meter_provider

def shutdown_otel(trace_provider, meter_provider):
    trace_provider.shutdown()
    meter_provider.shutdown()

Automatic Instrumentation

opentelemetry-instrument \
    --traces_exporter otlp \
    --metrics_exporter otlp \
    --logs_exporter otlp \
    --service_name my-service \
    python app.py

# Console export (development)
opentelemetry-instrument \
    --traces_exporter console \
    --service_name my-service \
    flask run -p 8080

Tracing

Creating Spans

from opentelemetry import trace

tracer = trace.get_tracer("my.app.tracer")

# Context manager
def process_request(request):
    with tracer.start_as_current_span("process-request") as span:
        span.set_attribute("request.id", request.id)
        return do_work(request)

# Decorator
@tracer.start_as_current_span("do_work")
def do_work(request):
    return "result"

Nested Spans

def parent_operation():
    with tracer.start_as_current_span("parent") as parent_span:
        child_operation()  # Automatically linked to parent

def child_operation():
    with tracer.start_as_current_span("child") as child_span:
        pass

Span Attributes

from opentelemetry.semconv.trace import SpanAttributes

span = trace.get_current_span()

# Custom attributes
span.set_attribute("user.id", "12345")
span.set_attribute("order.total", 99.99)

# Semantic conventions
span.set_attribute(SpanAttributes.HTTP_METHOD, "GET")
span.set_attribute(SpanAttributes.HTTP_STATUS_CODE, 200)
span.set_attribute(SpanAttributes.DB_SYSTEM, "postgresql")

Span Events

span = trace.get_current_span()
span.add_event("Cache lookup started")
span.add_event("Cache miss", {"cache.key": "user:123", "cache.type": "redis"})

Error Handling

from opentelemetry.trace import Status, StatusCode

span = trace.get_current_span()