Aerospace science and technology applications
| Organization | Role |
|---|---|
| FAA | US aviation regulation |
| EASA | European aviation regulation |
| NASA | US space exploration |
| ESA | European Space Agency |
| ICAO | International aviation standards |
# Altitude effects on air density
rho = rho_0 * exp(-h / H)
# Speed of sound
a = sqrt(gamma * R * T)
# Mach number
M = V / a