Integer Program Solver

from ortools.linear_solver import pywraplp

def facility_location():
    solver = pywraplp.Solver.CreateSolver('SCIP')

    # Binary variables: open facility j?
    facilities = range(5)
    customers = range(10)

    y = {j: solver.BoolVar(f'y_{j}') for j in facilities}
    x = {(i,j): solver.BoolVar(f'x_{i}_{j}')
         for i in customers for j in facilities}

    # Each customer assigned to exactly one facility
    for i in customers:
        solver.Add(sum(x[i,j] for j in facilities) == 1)

    # Can only assign to open facilities
    for i in customers:
        for j in facilities:
            solver.Add(x[i,j] <= y[j])

    # Objective: minimize total cost
    fixed_cost = [100, 120, 110, 130, 90]
    transport_cost = [[...]]  # cost matrix

    solver.Minimize(
        sum(fixed_cost[j] * y[j] for j in facilities) +
        sum(transport_cost[i][j] * x[i,j]
            for i in customers for j in facilities)
    )

    return solver

2. Big-M Constraint Formulation

# If-then constraints using Big-M
def big_m_constraints(solver, x, y, M=1e6):
    """
    Model: if x > 0 then y = 1
    Linearization: x <= M * y
    """
    solver.Add(x <= M * y)

    # Either-or constraints
    # Either constraint1 OR constraint2
    # c1: a*x <= b + M*(1-z)
    # c2: c*x <= d + M*z
    z = solver.BoolVar('z')
    solver.Add(a*x <= b + M*(1-z))
    solver.Add(c*x <= d + M*z)

3. Logical Constraint Linearization

def logical_constraints(solver, y1, y2, y3):
    """
    Common logical constraints
    """
    # AND: z = y1 AND y2
    z_and = solver.BoolVar('z_and')
    solver.Add(z_and <= y1)
    solver.Add(z_and <= y2)
    solver.Add(z_and >= y1 + y2 - 1)

    # OR: z = y1 OR y2
    z_or = solver.BoolVar('z_or')
    solver.Add(z_or >= y1)
    solver.Add(z_or >= y2)
    solver.Add(z_or <= y1 + y2)

    # Implication: y1 => y2
    solver.Add(y1 <= y2)

    # At most one: sum(y) <= 1
    solver.Add(y1 + y2 + y3 <= 1)

    # Exactly one: sum(y) == 1
    solver.Add(y1 + y2 + y3 == 1)

4. MIP Gap Monitoring

def solve_with_gap_tracking(solver, time_limit=300):
    solver.SetTimeLimit(time_limit * 1000)

    # Set MIP gap tolerance
    solver.SetSolverSpecificParametersAsString(
        "limits/gap = 0.01"  # 1% optimality gap
    )

    status = solver.Solve()

    result = {
        "status": status,
        "objective": solver.Objective().Value(),
        "best_bound": solver.Objective().BestBound(),
        "gap": (solver.Objective().Value() -
                solver.Objective().BestBound()) /
               solver.Objective().Value() * 100,
        "nodes_explored": solver.nodes(),
        "time": solver.WallTime() / 1000
    }

    return result

5. Solution Pool Generation

def generate_solution_pool(model, max_solutions=10):
    """
    Generate multiple near-optimal solutions
    """
    solutions = []

    for i in range(max_solutions):
        status = model.solve()

        if status == pywraplp.Solver.OPTIMAL:
            solution = {
                "objective": model.Objective().Value(),
                "variables": {v.name(): v.solution_value()
                             for v in model.variables()}
            }
            solutions.append(solution)

            # Add constraint to exclude this solution
            exclude = sum(v if v.solution_value() > 0.5 else (1-v)
                         for v in binary_vars)
            model.Add(exclude <= len(binary_vars) - 1)
        else:
            break

    return solutions

Common Applications

Facility Location

• Warehouse location
• Hub-and-spoke networks
• Coverage problems

Scheduling

• Job shop scheduling
• Vehicle routing
• Crew scheduling

Assignment

• Task assignment
• Resource matching
• Set covering

Process Integration

This skill integrates with the following processes:

• linear-programming-model-development.js
• transportation-route-optimization.js
• warehouse-layout-slotting-optimization.js

Output Format

{
  "model_name": "Facility_Location",
  "status": "optimal",
  "objective_value": 4520.0,
  "mip_gap": 0.0,
  "solve_time_seconds": 12.5,
  "nodes_explored": 1547,
  "solution": {
    "open_facilities": [0, 2, 4],
    "assignments": {
      "customer_0": "facility_2",
      "customer_1": "facility_0"
    }
  },
  "solution_pool_size": 5
}

Tools/Libraries

Best Practices

1. Tight formulations - Prefer tight constraints over loose ones
2. Valid inequalities - Add cuts when possible
3. Warm starts - Provide initial solutions
4. Symmetry breaking - Reduce symmetric solutions
5. Variable branching - Choose good branching variables
6. Time limits - Set reasonable solve times

Constraints

• Monitor solution quality via MIP gap
• Document all linearization techniques
• Test with small instances first
• Consider heuristics for large problems